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3852 items in total found

Working Papers | 1979

Macroeconomic Analysis of Housing Demand and Housing Investment in India

Dholakia Bakul H

An attempt is made in this paper to examine various aspects of housing demand and housing investment in India. The main objectives of the study area: (i) to estimate the income and price elasticity of demand for housing in India; (ii) to examine the interstate Differences in the elasticities of housing demand; (iii) to examine the trends in housing stock in the Indian Economy; (iv) to estimate the relative importance of various factors influencing housing investment in India; and (v) to examine the extent of interstate variations in housing investment and its determinants.

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Working Papers | 1979

Corporate Investment in 1979: A Forecast

C Rangarajan

An attempt is made in this paper to forecast the behaviour of private corporate investment in 1979. Corporate investment is taken to include gross capital expenditures of all companies including joint sector companies. Government companies alone are excluded. This study also provides a picture of investment behaviour in 1978. The methodology applied in this paper to forecast corporate investment relies on the data available with the term lending institutions on the phasing of capital expenditures of projects sanctioned by them. These may be regarded as a kind of anticipatory data for forecasting. This study shows that investment in the Private Corporate sector in 1978 rose by six per cent over the level attained in 1977. However, the present indications are that corporate investment in 1979 may not exceed the level achieved in 1978. Capital expenditures in 1978 on all the projects sanctioned by these institutions in the current and previous years will amount to Rs 1014 crores as compared with Rs 955 crores in the previous year. This implies a growth of six per cent. As of now, based on the projects sanctioned until the end of 1978, the capital expenditures in 1979 will be Rs 745 crores. Even if the expenditures likely to be incurred on projects to be sanctioned in 1979 are added, the total capital expenditures in the corporate sector in 1979 are not likely to rise above the level reached in 1978.

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Working Papers | 1979

Strategies of Implementation of Rural Development Programmes in India

Gupta Omprakash K

It is clear that in order to achieve peoples' development as a major objective of rural development programmes, it almost always would require structural shifts supported by a dialogical process of total mobilization of the rural people, suitable to the ecological and technological reality. Based on this hypothesis, the project is aimed at analysing the efficiency of implementation strategies of rural development programmes in India and thereby to formulate policy options.

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Working Papers | 1979

Performance Evaluation of Sales Tax Administration: A Case Study of Gujarat, India

Misra P N and Jayaraman T K

This paper provides a methodology of evaluating performance of tax administration on the basis of available data on effort and achievement variables over a number of years. A case study of sales tax administration in Gujarat State of Indian Union is made to identify the achievement and effort variables. Improvement in total tax potential and realisation of tax revenue and reduction in the level of unrealised revenue are found to be achievement variables. Expenditure on enforcement and training efforts are identified as effort variables. A simultaneous causation model in terms of effort and achievement variables is found to work excellently well to explain past performance. Relatively enforcement expenditure is found to provide more profitable contribution to State revenue in comparison to expenditure on training but several other considerations lead to suggest to work out optimal solutions for both the effort variables in relation to chosen objective of tax administration.

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Working Papers | 1979

Unwanted Consequences of Large Sample Size in Econometric Estimation

Misra P N

In this paper we start with the problem of analysing unwanted consequences of large sample size in econometric estimation and find that the problem can be framed as special case to general problem of estimating a model subject to linear restrictions on the parameters. It is proved that use of large sample size leads to biased, inefficient and inconsistent estimators in the presence of slightest structural change over the observation span. Explanatory power of the model is also shown to fall down. The analysis is extended to provide a general test-statistic that embraces in its ambit almost all the tests known for testing various hypotheses in context to estimation and prediction from linear models. The same test helps in testing hypotheses relating to alternative specifications of variables involved in the model. The results are utilised to suggest a method of segmentation of a population or observation space in relation to a hypothesised econometric model. The idea so developed is helpful in defining samples and populations when data are required to be collected to estimate a relation. The same idea can be used to group a given number of units into structurally homogenous groups.

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Working Papers | 1979

A Critical Appraisal of Past Strategies for Rural Development in India

Gaikwad V R

Rural Development (RD) has been in and out of fashion many times. Once again it is in. This time it is expected to be integrated. The paper examines the past experiments in RD in India, thinking from 1952 onwards, the three models available to India during the First Plan, the Community Development (CD) design, and administrative and economic strategies followed so far, and raises some basic issues relation to RD. All the past experiments were similar in approach, had many common features and also many naive assumptions. All these past experiments are, at best poor examples of rural reconstruction, considering their narrow and shallow base of thinking, and poor and transient impact on the economy of the intended beneficiaries. The CDP introduced in 1952 also followed the same approach. The persistence of rural poverty questions the very relevance of the CDP and earlier approach to present environment. And yet, the present design and approach of rural development, even of the integrated type is in no way different from that of the CDP.

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Working Papers | 1978

On Constructing a New Series on Corporate Fixed Investment

C Rangarajan and Patel Kirit

In this paper we have attempted to look at the various estimates that are currently available in relation to gross fixed investment in the corporate sector. These various estimates differ considerably among themselves not only in absolute amount but also in terms of year to year changes. Using the sample data provided by the Reserve Bank of India on the finances of public and private limited companies we have constructed a new series on corporate investment. We first estimated a series of total paid up capital in relation to public and private limited companies. These gave us the blow up factors to be used on the sample data. There is no reason to claim that our estimates are superior or better. However, we have in this paper brought out explicitly all the assumptions made in arriving at the estimates. Our study indicates very clearly that unless one is able to construct a reasonably reliable series on paid up capital of public and private limited companies, differences will continue to exist among the series provided by the different agencies as the estimates of gross fixed assets and therefore of gross fixed investment are extremely sensitive to the blow up factors used.

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Working Papers | 1978

Economic Benefits of Public Housing - A Case Study of Ahmedabad City

Dholakia Bakul H

Empirical investigation of the economic benefits of public housing in India has largely remained a relatively unexplored field of research. The present study tires to make a small contribution towards filling this crucial gap in our understanding of the economics of housing in India by presenting the findings of a sample survey relating to economic benefits of public housing in Ahmedabad city. The study is based on the primary data on 298 households in Ahmedabad city. It examines the effect of public housing on household saving, average productivity of the household, average household income, household size level of education and general housing conditions.

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Working Papers | 1978

Enterprise Level Factors Influencing Productivity in PSEs

Korgaonkar M G

The paper presents results of the fourth part of the study on Productivity in PSEs. The aim is to identify enterprise level factors which significantly affect productivity in PSEs. The factors relate to the aggregate physical performance of various activities such as manufacturing, sales, material consumption, factory cost control, etc. Data available for manufacturing enterprises is used for the investigation and the statistical model used for the analysis is multivariate technique of 'multiple regression'.

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Working Papers | 1978

Effectiveness of Productivity Ratio as Determinant of Financial Performance of PSEs

Korgaonkar M G

The paper presents results of the third part of the study on Productivity in PSEs. Productivity has often been talked about and examined in the context of Physical Performance of an Enterprise. Invariably, however, it has seldom figured in evaluation of financial performance of PSE. The aim of present investigation was to determine effectiveness of productivity as an indicator of financial performance. A multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) approach is used for the investigation, using several financial performance ratios and productivity ratio as variables. Most recent annual reports of PSEs available at the time of study, are used for the investigation.

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