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3894 items in total found

Working Papers | 1984

Role of Public Enterprises in Backward Regions Generating Peasants Perspectives?

Gupta Ramesh

To prevent accentuation of regional imbalances, the role of public enterprises in backward region is well recognized in most developing countries. However the exact processes through which such a development could match the expectation of rural poor in these regions remains ambiguous. The growth centre bias in such policies is strongly disputed in this paper. In part one, the dynamics of backwardness with specific reference to semi-arid drought prone regions is discussed. The key ecological characteristics of such regions along with various risk-adjustment efforts of peasants are mentioned. In next part the contradictions between public policies implemented though state enterprise and the household characteristics are discussed. Major problems listed are: Inappropriateness of demand based organization in regions where very feeble demand base exists; sedentary organizations ill equipped to deal with mobile populations, absence of popular protest misinterpreted as a sign of popular tolerance or satisfaction etc. Specific illustrations of commercial Bank Branch Expansions policy, viability norms for milk routes in dairy development policy, inequitous cost sharing norms of cooperative services, uniform agricultural extension personnel for regions with different population

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Working Papers | 1984

The Minimum Weight Rooted Aborescence Problem: A Branch and Bound Solution

V. Venkata Rao and Ginnia L F Mc

A Subgraph S of a rooted acyclic graph G is called a rooted arborescence if (a) S contains the root as one of its vertices, (2) S is connected, and (3) No two arcs of S are directed towards the same vertex. This paper studies the problem of finding a minimum weight rooted arborescence in a rooted acyclic graph with weights on nodes. This problem is related to the incapacitated plant location problem. A branch and bound method is developed for this problem, and computational results are reported.

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Working Papers | 1984

Multi-Item Inventory with Multiple Restrictions

Tripathy Arabinda

The normal procedure to deal with multi-item inventory situation with restrictions is to obtain the e.c.q. of all items individually and to check for violation of restrictions assuming that the replenishment of all the items may occur simultaneously. In case of violation of restrictions the problem is solved by using the well known lagrangean multiplier method. The lagrangean multiplier method is quite tedious even for one restriction and results in only fifty percent utilization of the constrained resource. The equal order interval for multi-item inventory with one restriction results in more than fifty percent utilization of the constrained resource and it is also computationally very simple. The principle of equal order interval has been used here for two restrictions situation and an working procedure for the same has been evolved.

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Working Papers | 1984

Technological Innovations in a National Laboratory in India: A Case Study

Chaudhari Shekhar

This paper gives a historical account of a major technological innovation in India. The technology was developed in a national laboratory and successfully transferred and commercialised by public sector corporation and promoted by one of the state governments. This paper focuses mainly on the managerial processes involved in the innovation. The innovation process was found to be an extremely complex one with a large number of organizations involved in it at different points in time. The laboratory faced a number of problems as a result of a high degree of uncertainty in the government's policy towards it, a hostile external environment and a lack of credibility with its external constituencies. The total innovation process could be categorised into three stages on the basis of the dominant managerial orientation; (i) entrepreneurial, (ii) reactive-muddling through and (iii) Planned-learning. The planned-learning mode seemed to be superior to the other two. A number of factors associated with the managerial actions seem to have aided in the success of the innovation. These were : (i) the presence of a product champion during the most of the technology development stage, (ii) continued support of the project by the Director-in-charge of the laboratory after the departure of the product by the Director-in-charge of the laboratory after the departure of the product champion, (iii) strong commitment of the technology development team based on pride in indigenous technology, (iv) effective relationship developed by the product champion with the key decision makers in government, (v) close association with the team of committed consultants for a considerably long period of time.

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Working Papers | 1984

A Need for Location Specific Rice Research in India

Desai D K

This paper pertains to the problems of agricultural research management in India. Rice research has not yielded results of the same order as wheat research. The paper goes into the details of rice production, area and productivity by different states and districts. In the analysis of the growth-rates of production and productivity of different rice-growing districts, it was possible to identify high-production and high productivity growth-rate districts vis-à-vis high production and low productivity growth-rate districts. A conclusion is drawn that different kinds of rice varieties were needed for high-production-low productivity districts. This can be done through a location specific research. Right kind of policy formulation has to be developed to undertake location specific research. It is through the research policies that mini-agro-climatic areas would be taken into consideration while evolving varieties and practices for rice. The socio-economic factors effecting the recommendations of rice research will have to be studied and efforts would be required to be made to either remove socio-economic constraints or to take these factors into account in research where it is not possible to remove the constraints.

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Working Papers | 1984

Mid-Term Appraisal of the Sixth Plan: Why Poverty Allevation Lags Behind

Paul Samuel

This paper presents an analysis of the performance of India's poverty alleviation programmes during the first three years of the Sixth Five Year Plan based on the mid term appraisal published by the Planning Commission. In relative terms, our poverty alleviation programmes have performed much less satisfactorily than the conventional economic and infrastructure programmes and sectors. This paper then examines the underlying causes and argues that the orientation and process of Indian planning must be changed radically in order for our poverty alleviation strategies and programmes to perform better.

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Working Papers | 1984

A Profile of Voluntary Health Effort in Gujarat

Subramanian Ashok K and Mehta Mona

The role of voluntary (non governmental, non profit) agencies has been increasingly realised as significant, particularly in the organization and delivery of social services. Their contributions in functions and areas where the governmental system does not or cannot make an impact have now been recognized. This paper presents a profile of voluntary health agencies in the state of Gujarat. It is based on a survey of about 100 such agencies in the state. The paper discusses the pattern of distribution of voluntary agencies in the state, their services and reach. Their work in relation to the state is also discussed.

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Working Papers | 1984

Quantification of Optimal Role of Government Expenditure on Education for Regional Development in Gujarat, India

Misra P N

This paper attempts to quantify direct as well as indirect costs and benefits of selected components of government expenditure on education when education is considered as a part of system pertaining to social services and social services are linked meaningfully with real sector variables, expenditure on economic services and socio demographic variables. Distributional impact of government expenditure on education is examined in accordance with three different criteria. The study is extended to determine optimal government expenditure and associated policy for future years annually for the state of Gujarat and its three selected development blocks. Regional variations in respect of existing problem areas and their solutions are revealing and the same suggest that efforts should be made to follow decentralised approach for educational planning and the same ought to be compatible with relevant man power needs of the economy in question.

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Working Papers | 1984

Accounting Internship Programmes in the United States: A Lesson for India

Chandra Gyan and Paperman Jacob B

There seems to be a consensus among professional accountants and academe on the usefulness of practical experience before graduation. Several committees of the American Accounting Association and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants have examined the subject and have favourably reported on the benefits of student internships. Internship is an effective way of imparting practical experience to commerce and business administration students before their graduation. Chartered Accountants in India offer similar experience to a select number of young men and women through articleship. Though much is written about the weaknesses of educational system in India and ways to improve it, little attention has been paid to integrating practical experience with education through internship. This paper suggests a feasible way of brining that about. The paper has two objectives. First, it briefly presents the relevant findings of a survey of public accounting firms, industrial firms and colleges and universities in the U.S.A. on the nature of internships and their requirements, work experience, benefits, and the problems experienced in the administration of internship programmes, i.e. the state of the art in accounting internship programmes. The survey findings are related to Indian situation and lessons have been drawn wherever possible. Secondly, it attempts to formulate a scheme for introducing student internships for commerce students in India.

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Working Papers | 1984

Renewable Energy Development in India: A Macro Analysis

Ganapathy R S

The development of renewable energy in India is not simply a technical question. The macro-analysis attempted here reviews the complexity, interdependence and the structural-systemic features of the renewable energy system and its embeddedness in larger contexts. The need for a comprehensive policy package that addresses need and supply, technology and institutions, environment and education, pricing and substitution and local conditions and standards is thus necessary but is yet to evolve. The political economy of renewable energy indicates that technological and social actions are simultaneously called for. The market, the state and the community must play balanced roles and articulation of this balance in renewable energy is a strategic question for India. The macro-analysis shows the need for structural adjustments (in terms of changes in mix of economic activities) and hence changes in energy intensity an growth rate. Technological responses like development of energy efficient renewable energy using equipment or interfuel substitution are not sufficient to promote renewable energy use. Hence a micro or project approach is not enough in renewable energy planning. A macro-analysis may help us to understand and possibly transcend the structural barriers. This paper explores some dimensions of this complex issue of renewable energy development and proposes some strategies.

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