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Working Papers | 1984

Renewable Energy Development in India: A Macro Analysis

Ganapathy R S

The development of renewable energy in India is not simply a technical question. The macro-analysis attempted here reviews the complexity, interdependence and the structural-systemic features of the renewable energy system and its embeddedness in larger contexts. The need for a comprehensive policy package that addresses need and supply, technology and institutions, environment and education, pricing and substitution and local conditions and standards is thus necessary but is yet to evolve. The political economy of renewable energy indicates that technological and social actions are simultaneously called for. The market, the state and the community must play balanced roles and articulation of this balance in renewable energy is a strategic question for India. The macro-analysis shows the need for structural adjustments (in terms of changes in mix of economic activities) and hence changes in energy intensity an growth rate. Technological responses like development of energy efficient renewable energy using equipment or interfuel substitution are not sufficient to promote renewable energy use. Hence a micro or project approach is not enough in renewable energy planning. A macro-analysis may help us to understand and possibly transcend the structural barriers. This paper explores some dimensions of this complex issue of renewable energy development and proposes some strategies.

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Working Papers | 1984

Accounting Internship Programmes in the United States: A Lesson for India

Chandra Gyan and Paperman Jacob B

There seems to be a consensus among professional accountants and academe on the usefulness of practical experience before graduation. Several committees of the American Accounting Association and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants have examined the subject and have favourably reported on the benefits of student internships. Internship is an effective way of imparting practical experience to commerce and business administration students before their graduation. Chartered Accountants in India offer similar experience to a select number of young men and women through articleship. Though much is written about the weaknesses of educational system in India and ways to improve it, little attention has been paid to integrating practical experience with education through internship. This paper suggests a feasible way of brining that about. The paper has two objectives. First, it briefly presents the relevant findings of a survey of public accounting firms, industrial firms and colleges and universities in the U.S.A. on the nature of internships and their requirements, work experience, benefits, and the problems experienced in the administration of internship programmes, i.e. the state of the art in accounting internship programmes. The survey findings are related to Indian situation and lessons have been drawn wherever possible. Secondly, it attempts to formulate a scheme for introducing student internships for commerce students in India.

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Working Papers | 1984

A Simulation Model for Sizing Decision in a Large Irrigation/Power Project in India

Samir K. Barua and Patel Nitin R

This paper describes our experience with construction and use of a simulation model for a large Irrigation and Power Project in a state in India. The project has an estimated outlay of Rs.5000 million (U.S. $ 5 billion) and a project construction time to thirty years. The model was used by decision makers to fix key project parameters such as the main panel capacity and the capacity of the power plant. It integrates a variety of uncertain factors, such as upstream withdrawals, effect of rain-fall and use of ground water. The model has also been instrumental in a qualitative re-design of the project, by indicating substantial benefits from creation of additional storage in the command area. This project is now being actively investigate by the project authorities.

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Working Papers | 1984

Recent Governement Policies and their Implications for Management of Technology in Manufacturing Industries

Chaudhari Shekhar

Till very recently the model of economic growth that had been adopted by the Government was based on import substitution. This premise seems to be changing. The economic scene in India is increasingly becoming more competitive. In the emerging business environment technology is likely to play an important role and is being considered to be an important dimension in corporate strategy. This paper describes the emerging business environment with illustrations from a member of industries and provides an analysis of changes in public policy. Some implications of the changes in Government policy on Indian industry are mentioned and finally a few major issues related to management of technology are raised.

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Working Papers | 1984

Entrepreneurship and Indian Management: A Historians Glimpse of the Future

Tripathi Dwijendra

The paper deals with the historical forces impinching on Indian managerial behaviour. Using this at the foundation the paper seeks to make protection about the organizational structure and managerial environment, which would emerge in Indian enterprises. The author feels that in view of the social and economic changes taking place in India, the business class is going to be more hydrogenous, the business families are going to break and more professionalized environment is going to prevail in India Business. He, however, feels that authoritarianism is going to remain a second element in the Indian managerial behaviour in the foreseeable future.

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Working Papers | 1984

Infrastructure Needs of Small Scale Industry in Guajarat

Misra P N

This paper spells out a case for better planning of relevant infrastructural facilities for small industries in general. Thereafter we discuss birth, death and sickness rates in Gujarat along with problems encountered by entrepreneurs. Next we provide a brief survey of relevant infrastructural facilities provide by different organizations instituted for this purpose in the State of Gujarat. This survey enables us to understand the gap between demand and supply of infrastructural services and we suggest ways of bridging such gaps. We also suggest a relevant planning strategy towards the end of this study where we spell out an appropriate methodology along with relevant planning issues involved and provide suggestions for implementing the same in a proper manner.

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Working Papers | 1984

A Note on Two-Phase Method for a Class of Metric Models in Individual Scaling

Raghavacahari M and Vani Vina

In this note, we discuss the typical problem in individual scaling viz., finding a common configuration and weights attached to dimensions for each individual from the given interpoint distances or scalar products. Trucker and Messick (1963), Horan (1969) and others have developed procedures for solving the problem. Carroll and Chang (1970) defined a minimization criterion (STRAIN) in terms of product moments computed from raw data. They use an alternative least square (ALS) method for estimating the configuration dn weights. Within the STRAIN frame work, Schonemann (1972) presented an algebraick solution in the case of exact data. Takane, Young and De Leeuw (1977) proposed a procedure called, ALSCAL in which the criterion function (SSTRESS) is in terms of distances obtained from raw data. The configuration and weights are obtained by solving certain normal equations in the least square method alternately. In this note, we consider the problem within the STRA in framework and propose a two-phase method. In the first phase, the problem of determining the optimal weights (Wi) for a given configuration (X) is posed as a standard quadratic programming problem for which efficient finitely convergent algorithms are available. In the second phase, for a given set of weights (Wi), a system of equations is developed for obtaining the configuration X. the relation to the quadratic programming problem to obtain Wi and the approach to obtain X appear to be new. An explicit solution to the problem is obtained for one dimensional case and an approach is described for the two dimensional problem. Numerical examples are given for one and two dimensions cases. The solution obtained by the proposed method is also compared with the solution obtained by Schonemann (1972) for the two-dimensional problem.

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Working Papers | 1984

Planning for Rural Road in India

Patel Nitin R and T. Madhavan

Rural roads can play a key role in promoting both economic and social development at the village level. However it is estimated by the National Transport Policy Committee that providing all-weather access to all villages in India will require an investment of Rs. 110 billion. This paper investigates the potential of cost reduction using a decision support system using inter-active graphics and heuristics. Very sizeable cost reductions, of the order of 30% were demonstrated to four talukas of Kheda district in Gujarat.

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Working Papers | 1984

A Survey of Research in Business Policy in India (1970-1982)

Murthy K R S

The paper reviews the research in Business Policy in India between 1970 and 1982. Annotations of individual research articles and books as well as the review, are presented under the following nine themes: (1) Industrial Analysis, (2) Business Growth and Diversification, (3) Leadership, (4) Managers and Decision-Making, (5) Finance, (6) Turn around strategies for sick units, (7) Technology transfer, (8) Transnational investment, (9) Public enterprises. The paper identifies gaps in research and points out some of the factors responsible for them. Empirical research was not only meagre but had not come to grips with the central issues faced by general managers in the Indian environment. Qualitatively, there was an eagerness to validate theories developed abroad, especially in U.S., rather than to build theory from extensive empirical case studies and observation. The survey also includes practitioners' writings of their experience in managing organizations. The paper concludes that given the problems of unutilized capacity and increase in sick units, returns to the economy from extensive and sustained research into general management problems are high.

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Working Papers | 1984

Socio-Cultural Determinants of Conflicts in Organization

Agrawal N M

The paper focuses on conflicts in organization. It discusses the need for understanding the process of 'conflict' particularly in the context of developing countries. It is argued that the exigencies of development create value differences between the older and the younger generation which lead to intra-personal and inter-personal conflict. Other major causes of conflicts are the prevalence of many cultures, languages, castes, and ethnic groups. The conflict resolution methods used by industrially developed countries are reviewed and possibilities of using them in Indian organizations are explored. Some of the indigenous approaches to conflict resolution and problems in using them in organization are also discussed.

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