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3852 items in total found

Working Papers | 1989

Leadership and Management in Formal Work Organizations and Educational Institutions

Parikh Indira J

This paper examines (1) the definition and concept of leadership as reflected in educational institutions and formal organizations, (2) patterns and models of leadership in the western India context, (3) the resultant functionality and dysfunctionality contributing to the health and pathology of systems and (4) leaderships models and qualities relevant for todays times. Western patterns of leadership are examined in the feudalistic, paternalistic, democratic and bureaucratic. The leadership behaviour is categorized as supportive, directive, achievement oriented and participative. The five role models of leadership in the Indian context reflect the Rama model, the Indira model, the Virat Purush model, the Ravana model and the Dadhiche model. The patterns of leadership anchored in the western context and the five role models of Indian context are intermixed and emergent styles of leadership are operative institutions provide role models for the young which are then carried forward and the resultant style is insufficient for todays tasks of educational institutions and large and mammoth organizations within the context of society experiencing flux and transition. The paper suggests leadership who represents and shares the values of sagacity, integrity, vision and relatedness with people and system simultaneously. A shift is required from a charismatic leader to an institutional leader who generates dynamicity and vitality in people any systems. In todays times leadership needs to create new traditions and paths and inspire people to a shared commitment to systems, tasks and policies and a sense of belonging and involvement.

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Working Papers | 1989

Organizations and Men and Women Managers: Approaches and Perspectives in Training

Parikh Indira J

The paper "Organizations and Men & Women Managers: Approaches and Perspective in Training" presents the existing models and approaches in training which are brought to the third world countries. For example, four such approaches are reviewed-T-Group, Tavistock, Transactional Analysis and Gestalt. The paper then presents a culture specific approach to management training which retranslates some of the inputs from the West and adds new dimensions. The paper highlights three basic modules: Conceptual Module, Experiential Module and an Integrative Module. The conceptual module focuses on knowledge, attitute and skills. The Experiential Module on role and Identity Approach focuses on come of the assumptions of management training and presents some structure and design for management programmes. The paper highlights some of the emergent themes amongst men and women managers in organizations.

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Working Papers | 1989

Demand Forecasts of Household Energy and Policy for Wasteland Management in India

Gupta Tirath and Vinod Ahuja

Demand estimation for a set of goods is usually an integral part of the planning process. The forecasts should bring out the likely gaps in demand and supply which, in turn, should facilitate the planned enhancement of supplies/or formulation of policies for demand management. This paper review various demand forecasts of household energy up to 2005, and brings out that there has been substantial variations, even inconsistencies, in the estimates of future demand by various agencies. The inconsistencies have been more prominent for fuelwood demand forecasts: from less than 100 to more than 300 million tonnes by the turn of the century. Such differences have been a result of variations in the number and nature of variables, assumptions, analysts' perceptions with respect to marginal costs of different fuels, and the interpretation of the term demand itself. It is concluded that considerable time series and cross sectional data must be collected, processed, updated and shared so that the variations in energy demand forecasts can be minimized. In the meantime, realistic estimates of availability and fuelwood production potential of forest and non-forest wasteland must also be attempted to arrive at a practicable and desirable mix of different fuels to meet the total household energy demand.

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Working Papers | 1989

Managing Ecological Diversity, Simultaneity, Compelxity and Change an Eco-Political Perspective

Gupta Ramesh

Mainly Indian studies on Governance from Ecological Perspective during last decade were reviewed as a part of Third Survey on Public Administration organized by Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi. The importance of ecological or environmental issues has been realized in several studies but the bearing ecological variables have on the design and dynamics of public administration has not been adequately conceptualized. The discipline of Political Science has particularly neglected the rigorous empirical studies on this aspect. Of late there has been resurgence of interest in the study of ecological perspectives as it evolved in ancient Indian literature. The fusion of ancient understanding and the modern insights available through both natural and social science analysis remains to be done. This review is about conception of ecology (relationships between living beings and their environment-living or non living ) in viewing interaction between people and state. Several questions have been kept in view; how have the demands of ecological variability and administrative uniformity been matched; if scientific enquiries and institutional arrnagements for incorporating the emerging insights in design of public systems are adequate, how have peoples organizations and NGO's (Non Governmental Organizations) reacted to the chasm between public policies and local realities; what are the strategies and styles of protest, campaign and legal activism in conflicts around natural resources; how has the framework for analyzing public policies for risk and uncertainty evolved; and finally what are the questions that the discipline must address in future. The paper is divided into Four parts. Part one deals with the evolution of ecological thought in public administration. Part two includes discussion on ecological diversity and uniformity of administrative systems. Part three looks into ecological movements and the strategies and styles used by these struggles in different parts of the country. The approaches to negotiation, campaigns and legal activism used by the eco-movements/ struggles are also discussed. How public policy deals with the issue of risk and uncertainty is discussed in Part four. The implications for further research have been drawn in each section but an overview has been presented in the end.

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Working Papers | 1989

Independence of Irrelevant Transfers

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper, we provide a partial geometric characterization of the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) Axiom, called Independence of Irrelevant Transfers (IIT) as also a characterization of the Nash Bargaining Solution without the IIA Axiom. The characterization has been motivated by the work of Shapley (1969) and Thomson (1981) to a very great extent and contributes to the growing literature on bargaining solutions without the IIA Axiom.

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Working Papers | 1989

Leisure, Health and Stress

Pestonjee D M and Muncherji Nina B

The term 'leisure' derives from the Latin 'licere', meaning "to be permitted", and is defined in the modern dictionary as "freedom from occupation, employment, or engagement". Leisure has meant different things in different cultures. However, no matter how one tries to modify the concept of leisure, 'time' is its essence. Leisure, can no more be divorced from the element of 'time' than it can be completely separated from the function of 'work'. Leisure can be viewed as 'no work behaviour in which people engage during free time. Of all he values that the medical authorities and educators claim for the recreational use of leisure none is mentioned more frequently than its potential for helping attain sound health, if we participate in it sensibly. If we use it well, leisure can help to keep us on an even mental keel. We can get temporary relief from our tensions, anxieties, frustrations, if we can in our leisure, establish a world apart from ourselves and this helps us in dealing with our problems without coming apart at the seams. We generally presume that stress is a causative factor in health related problem. Further, the leisure phenomenon can counter the adverse impact of stress on health. It is for this reason, that we need to look carefully at the 'leisure-health-stress' linkage.

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Working Papers | 1989

Modelling and Analysis of Large Systems Some Approaches

Tripathy Arabinda

The concepts and nature of large scale modelling have been presented. The necessity of having a good grasp of the system has been stressed. Some of the large scale modelling efforts have been presented.

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Working Papers | 1989

Agro-Processing Industries: Potential, Constraints and Task Ahead

Srivastava Uma Kant

An agro-industry is an enterprise that processes bio-mass, i.e. agricultural raw materials, which include ground and tree crops as well as livestock and fisheries, to create edible or usable forms, improve storage and shelf life, create easily transportable forms, enhance nutritive value, and extract chemicals for other uses. As the products of agro-industries are both edible and non-edible, the agro-industries can be classified as agro-food insutries (or merely food processing industries) and agro-non-food industries. The agro-industry provides the crucial farm-industry linkage which helps accelerate agricultural development by creating backward linkages (supply of credit, inputs and other production enhancement services) and forward linkages (processing and marketing), adding value tot he farmer's produce, generating employment opportunities, and increasing the farmer's net income. This in turn motivates the farmer for better productivity and further opens up possibilities of industrial development. The agro-industry generates new demand on the farm sector for more and different agricultural outputs which are more suitable for processing. An agro-processing plant can open up new crop and livestock opportunities to the farmer and thus increase the farm income and employment. The paper identifies following major issues to be discussed and researched: 1. Organizational Patterns for Agro-Processing. 2. R&D Inputs and Technology Upgradation. 3. Market Development. 4. Need for Confessional Finance and Larger Margin Money for Working Capital. 5. Tax Incidence. 6. Linkage Agro-industry with Planning for Agro-Climate Regions. 7. Strengthening of the Data Base. 8. Need for Further Research.

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Working Papers | 1989

Narmada Project: An Opportunity for Redefining Social Relations

Gupta Ramesh

In this paper we show that rationalizability of a bargaining solution by a symmetric metric implies that the bargaining solution is anonymous. We further show that rationalizability of a bargaining solution by a metric implies that the solution satisfies metric respect for unanimity.

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Working Papers | 1989

Rationalization of Bargaining Solutions by Symmetric Metrics and Respect for Unanimity

Lahiri Somdeb

There has been a heated controversy around the Narmada project. Environmentalists have rightly argued for an open and informed debate. The government and the academics supporting it have felt that all the information has been shared. We do not intend to discuss the merits or demerits of various arguments concerning costs/benefits, mobilization of resources, deforestation, catchment area planning etc. Not because these are not important issues but there are some other options concerning the rights of tribals which have not been discussed in the debate so far. We have argued that Narmada can offer an opportunity to redefine the property and social relations provides the oustees are given proper share in the (a) equity of Narmada Development Corporation, (c) ownership of canal lengths, (c) electricity grids, (d) value adding enterprises etc. This share is due to them not just on humanitarian ground but also on efficiency ground. People who conserved the natural resources for so long may maintain the distribution of water and power at lesser cost than the bureaucracy notorious for its inertia. In any case the conflicts among the oustee owners of water and power and the settled plain farmers will settle at lesser cost who should get what, where and how.

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