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3852 items in total found

Working Papers | 1992

Some Issues in the Design and Delivery of Government Aged Social Development Programme: The Case of DWCRA in Gujarat

Chhabra H S and Bhatt Anil

Despite exhortations to allocate at least 30 per cent of the benefits under the Integrated Rural Development Programme for women, the actual performance has been considerable below this norm. An exclusive programme for the Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development in 1983. This paper examines the design and delivery issues of this programme based on its working in the state of Gujarat between 1983-1991. The paper shows that the record of implementation in Gujarat has not been particularly successful. The difficulties of finding suitable women officers to implement this programme at various levels, the lack of orientation among field workers and the high turnover among senior level staff drawn on deputation from other departments have been identified as the major reasons for ineffective implementation. This programme demands innovative approaches in extension and imagination in identifying appropriate economic and social activities for selected groups of women. Rural development functionaries accustomed to implementing large scale programmes of wage and self-employment have been found wanting in adapting to this approach. Altogether, there have been serious lags in the provision of revolving fund for groups so constituted and identification of appropriate economic and social activities for groups provided with revolving funds. There have also been major shortfalls in the construction of multi purpose centres under this programme. This paper highlights some of these key issues of programme design and implementation on the eve of the eighth five year plan.

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Working Papers | 1992

Optimal Linear Income Taxation: A New Approach

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we propose a new approach to the theory of optimal taxation. We present the outlines of a theory which combines distributive justice will allocative efficiency. This is aimed to be a mere starting point of a potentially rich area of study.

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Working Papers | 1992

Strategies for Internationalization: Issues and Lessons from Indian Case Studies

Korwar Ashok

This paper is an attempt to distill the experiences of a small number of recent case studies of Indian companies in the process of internationalizing their operations. The strategies employed by these organizations in international business are analyzed using a `conceptual framework. tHe problems faced by these organizations are also analyzed using this framework, and some alternatives are suggested. The study also finds that the all-important decision-whether to separate out the international business side from the domestic side, has implications, sometimes unexpected, for both sides of the business. Special treatment is accorded to the issue of upgrading quality to international standards. Finally, the paper offers some reflections on the role of MNCs in internationalizing Indian business and suggests that public policy formulation should consider the strategic postures adopted by the parent company.

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Working Papers | 1992

Stress Audit: An HRD/OD Intervention

Pestonjee D M and Muncherji Nina B

The paper deals with the nature of the stress process and its linkage with negative outcomes for the individual as also the organisation. Special emphasis has been placed on the organisation related role stresses and the 'functional' and 'dysfunctional' strategies used for dealing with them. The concept of 'stress audit' is now almost a decade old but so far no attempt has been made to give it an operational definition. The paper has for the first time provided some very specific suggestions about carrying out a 'stress audit' in organisations. It is also suggested as to what type of results can be obtained and how these results can actually be utilised by organisations for development purposes. It is contended that 'stress audit' can be used as a special organisational development (D.D) method. It is classified as a 'person-based' intervention. It helps in: (a) identification of structural imbalances in organisation; (b) identification of training needs at various levels; (c) identification of conflicts and flash points; (d) identification of unproductive practices in organisation, and (e) identification of problem executives as also executives with problems.

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Working Papers | 1992

Organisational Performance Analysis: A Different Perspective

Sood Anil and Pestonjee D M

The paper discusses the issue of organisational performance analysis in view of already existing theoretical and empirical research in the areas of economic theory, industrial economics, and organisation behaviour. It is proposed that the theories of existence of firm, individual behaviour in a collective effort and industrial performance together can form a basis for further research.

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Working Papers | 1992

Cigarette and Liquor Advertising in India An Exploratory Study

Mukhopadhyay S and Kureshi Sonal

The study examined cigarette and liquor ads in the print media in the context of consumer behaviour and legal/ethical issues. Subjects were drawn from three distinct segments, the vulnerable segment comprising of boys from senior school; habitual consumers, the adult users; and the potential segment, the adult non-users. The first segment was studied to assess the impact of ads on them in order to draw implications for public policy. To understand consumer behaviour, adult users were surveyed to find the initiation process and their reaction to own and competitive brands. Non-users were also examined on their reaction to ads. Laddering was used on both the adult segments to explore linkage of values with consumption. The findings indicate that school boys are exposed to either of the products through various media including shop displays. The impact of print media is realized only because of its proximity to the target audience and being a "choice" medium. Social factors dominate the initiation process for both the products. Values and goals differentiate users form non-users. Imposing restriction on media is unlikely to contain the overpowering influences of social and value related factors. Social education through emotive or rational appeals could be directed at the vulnerable/potential segment to emphasize moderation, rather than total abstinence. Other measures could be restriction of supply, the severest form being prohibition. The consequences could however be equally disastrous.

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Working Papers | 1992

Strategic Perspective on India Population Programme

Satia J K and Saseendran P P

Population growth is back on the national agenda. The earlier target of reaching replacement fertility by year 2000 is not likely to be met. If recent trend in birth-rate decline can be maintained then the annual growth rate may decline from around 2.0% to 1.7% by year 2000 and continue to decline thereafter. This would begin to alleviate population pressure on schooling, food requirements and employment. A faster decline in birth rate would accelerate the alleviation of population pressure. India's failure in moderating population growth stem from very slow improvements in both female education and quality of family welfare programme. An analysis of demographic diversity among states suggests that faster reduction in fertility can only be realized if a comprehensive national strategy is implemented comprising (a) increasing female education level as rapidly as possible; (b) making directional changes in the family welfare (FW) programme which would enable it to provide quality sterilization services to those who do not desire additional children and promote spacing methods more vigorously. The proposed directional changes in the family welfare programme include those needed for shifting emphasis to quality of services, achieving a better balance between sterilization and spacing methods and strengthening the reproductive health care. Instead of a uniform programme pattern, differential strategies would be required to respond to considerable demographic diversity among the states.

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Working Papers | 1992

Setting up an Irrigation Cooperative: A Feasibility Study

Kolavalli Shashi, Chhokar J S, Naik Gopal, Saha Jahar, Bhat Ramesh, and Shah Nitin

The objective of the study was to examine the feasibility of setting up an irrigation cooperative in Hadgood village in Kheda district of Gujarat. A sample of 80 households, chosen at rando, was studied and households having no irrigation sources and having irrigation sources were compared on the following aspects: i) landholding and intensity of land use: ii) cropping pattern: iii) costs and returns from different crops with existing water resources: and iv) farm income per household. An attempt was also made to assess the viability of the irrigation cooperative society by considering factors like: i) potential for increasing irrigation: ii) extent of dependence of the households on agricultural income: iii) additional sources of income like dairy and employment: iv) adoption of farm technology, and v) making investments for establishing an irrigation cooperatives. The study has shown that the potential for improving the productivity of agriculture through either: a) irrigating more land or b) increasing cropping intensity or c) changing the cropping pattern or d) adoption of modern farm practices, is rather low. It is therefore, concluded that, keeping the overall situation of the village in view, the setting up of an irrigation cooperative society in Hadgood Village is not feasible.

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Working Papers | 1992

Opportunity Fairness and Equal Income Lindahl Equilibrium

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we propose a concept of opportunity fairness for economies in which there are public goods and establish its equivalence with the concept of an equal income Lindahl equilibrium.

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Working Papers | 1992

Growth of Total Factor Productivity in Indian Agriculture

Dholakia Bakul H and Ravindra H. Dholakia

In the present study the sources of Growth of Indian agriculture have been estimated for three sub-periods during 1950-51 to 1988-89. It also estimates the contribution of adverse weather conditions and intensity of resource use to total factor productivity growth. It is found that TFPG has contributed significantly to the acceleration of agricultural growth facilitating release of scarce resources from agriculture to other sectors in the economy. Thus, TFPG in agriculture has been the prime driving force behind the acceleration of overall growth in the Indian economy achieved during the eighties. The main determinant of TFPG has been found to be the use of modern inputs like fertilizers, HYV seeds and irrigation. It is also argued that the government policies to encourage the use of modern inputs have played a critical role in achieving the acceleration of the agricultural and hence overall growth in the economy. The agricultural input subsidies, particularly fertilizer subsidy, have been the major policy instruments inducing modernisation of Indian agriculture.

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