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3852 items in total found

Working Papers | 2015

Linking Team Leaders' Human & Social Capital to their Team Members' Career Advancement

P. Malhotra and Manjari Singh

This paper looks at a conceptual model depicting the impact of high performing Team Leaders (TL) on their team members' career advancement. Certain inherent factors present in high performing TLs are not usually linked to either the development or the career advancement of the team members; however their presence ensures that there is a positive impact. For this study those factors were classified into two main categories-a) Human Capital and b) Social capital. Using Social Learning Theory, one can say that high performing TLs provide modelling stimuli based on live experiences to their team members. Social modelling and learning in this context can further be understood using Social Network Theory. This impact is positively moderated by the strength of the TL-team member dyads, which can be theoretically examined through Leader-Membership exchange and supervisory support.

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Working Papers | 2015

A Model for Internet Governance and Implications for India

Rekha Jain

The rising role of Internet in economic growth and social aspects has brought the significance of Internet Governance to the forefront. New paradigms of Internet Governance recognize the contribution and role of governments, private organizations, civil society and other communities. The borderless and distributed architecture of the Internet substantially differentiates Internet Governance from traditional governance, challenging the established dominant role of nation-states in policy-making. Access, human rights, privacy and standards have become important Internet Governance issues. This has led to an increasing role of nation states.

Many developed countries recommend multi-stakeholder approach where nation-states are only one of the many stakeholders that include private sector and other communities. India's position on Internet Governance recommends a multi-lateral approach which is at variance with emerging scenario globally. This has isolated India and created a negative signal for investment in the ICT sector.

The approach to deal with emergent issues in Internet Governance requires flexibility, ability to incorporate new technologies and international developments. Studies of Internet Governance have not systematically addressed the issue of design of responsive organizations or national systems for effective governance. This paper contributes by addressing this lacuna by:

i) Developing a conceptual model for Internet Governance based on both the underlying architecture of the Internet and a proposed framework for evaluating the perceived legitimacy of the adopted processes and

ii) Combining these two frameworks, we develop the Multi-Tier Open Participation approach for its application to India. This approach not only strengthens domestic Internet Governance, but also increases India's role in regional and international processes.

The study recognizes that Internet Governance principles for India should be in consonance with its democratic ethos and openness and dovetail with the inherent characteristics of the Internet, namely, openness, dynamism, and innovation.

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Working Papers | 2015

Lessons of Reforms of the Telecom Sector

Rekha Jain and G. Raghuram

The telecommunications sector has emerged as one of the key sectors that have put the Indian economy on a revival path. Proactive policies such as opening up the sector to private players and competition, unbundling the policy, regulatory and operational roles of the government, removal of restrictions on foreign investments coupled with viewing reforms as a continuous process created an environment conducive to growth. These reforms enabled induction of new technologies.
In this paper, we examine the lessons of reforms of the Indian telecom sector. We first examine where the sector is in terms of its impact on service provision and to the economy in relation to the past. Then we outline the sector structure examining the role and relationships of different players. Next, we provide the roadmap of reforms carried out over two decades. From this, we abstract the enabling principles that drove the reform process and bring out lessons for other infrastructure sectors.

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Working Papers | 2015

Decoding Response Uncertainty

Sunil Sharma

Response uncertainty defined as not knowing how to respond to a known event has been identified as the major uncertainty faced by decision makers, especially where organizatioal action is unavoidable. However, a granular understanding of response uncertainty is missing in the existing literature. This paper contributes to the uncertainty literature by providing a granular understanding of response uncertainty. It identifies focus, stance, and selection as three types of 'response uncertainties'. To overcome these uncertainties, firms develop 'configurational capability' to identify target area, 'positioning capability' to position themselves with respect to competitors, and 'causal-logic capability' to establish routines to identify solution for a given problem.

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Working Papers | 2015

Strategic Judgment under Pervasive Uncertainty

Sunil Sharma

Strategic decision making under uncertainty has been typified as an uncertainty mitigation activity. However, this hypothesis breaks down under conditions of very high uncertainty as it demands judgment on the part of managers. Research on this topic is sparse. To decode the black box of judgment under very high uncertainty, this paper uses an unconventional qualitative technique of examining managerial judgment under four anticipation-outcome scenarios. The findings suggest that judgment in a confirmatory scenario is influenced by internal factors such as organizational capabilities. In contrast, judgment in a contradictory scenario is influenced by external factors such as strategy of competitors.

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Working Papers | 2015

Derivatives Pricing using QuantLib: An Introduction

Jayanth R. Varma and Vineet Virmani

Given the complexity of over-the-counter derivatives and structured products, al-
most all of derivatives pricing today is based on numerical methods. While large fi-
nancial institutions typically have their own team of developers who maintain state-
of-the-art financial libraries, till a few years ago none of that sophistication was avail-
able for use in teaching and research. For the last decade„ there is now a reliable
C++ open-source library available called QuantLib. This note introduces QuantLib
for pricing derivatives and documents our experience using QuantLib in our course
on Computational Finance at the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad. The
fact that it is also available (and extendable) in Python has allowed us to harness the
power of C++ with the ease of iPython notebooks in the classroom as well as for stu-
dent's projects.

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Working Papers | 2015

The Effects of Fraud Risk Factors and Client Characteristics on Audit Procedures

Naman Desai

There has been very little prior research examining how the prescriptions of SAS No. 99 map into the auditors' fraud risk assessment process. SAS No. 99 asks the auditors to consider two major types of fraud (fraudulent financial reporting (FFR) and misappropriation of assets (MOA)) in the context of three major fraud risk factors (pressures, opportunities and rationalization). In this study we conduct an experiment to gain an understanding about the auditors' perceived responsibility for detecting FFR versus MOA. Then we examine how auditors associate the two fraud risk factors (pressures and opportunities) with the two potential types of frauds mentioned in SAS No.99. Additionally we also examine the extent which the client size of an auditor affects the auditors' perceived responsibility for detecting FFR and MOA and how the auditors associate pressures and opportunities with FFR and MOA. The results indicate that while all auditors focused equally on FFR; auditors of larger clients assessed a significantly lower responsibility for detecting MOA compared to FFR. On the other hand, auditors of smaller clients assumed equal responsibility for detecting FFR versus MOA. The results of this experiment also indicated that auditors of larger clients associated the risk of FFR more with high pressures, and the risk of MOA more with high opportunities, while auditors of smaller clients did not specifically associate the risk of FFR or MOA with either high pressures or high opportunities. Additionally the results suggest that auditors of larger clients assessed higher fraud risk and audit effort when pressure was high compared to when opportunity was high. This could be due to the fact that such auditors perceive greater responsibility for detecting FFR compared to MOA and they tend to associate high pressures with FFR and high opportunities with MOA. For the auditors engaged with smaller clients, there were no differences in the perceived responsibility for detecting FFR versus MOA, nor did they specifically associate FFR and MOA with either pressure or opportunity. As a result of which, there were no significant differences in their assessments of fraud risk and audit effort in the presence of high pressures or high opportunities.

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Working Papers | 2015

Internationalization of Firms from Emerging Economies: An Organizational Learning Framework

Sunil Sharma

Increasing globalization of economy has provided fresh impetus to internationalization efforts of firms from both developed and emerging economies. Extant research in this area has been carried out with the perspective of firms from developed economies. The issue of internationalization efforts by firms from emerging economies has received sparse attention. Further, multiple theories have been applied to examine this subject. Rarely the issue has been seen as multidimensional and as set of decisions that involve tradeoff. This paper attempts to bridge this gap by suggesting an integrative framework to look at internationalization as a multidimensional phenomenon. The framework is grounded in resource based view, organizational learning, and institutional theories. In addition, internationalization effort by a firm has been treated, as a separate decision not related with earlier or concurrent internationalization efforts with its own unique dimensions. This essentially means that internationalization process is highly context specific.

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Working Papers | 2015

Strategic Responses to Deregulation:
An Institutional Theory Perspective

Sunil Sharma

Firms adopt distinct strategic orientation in response to change in environment. Deregulation is a drastic change in firm's environment. This paper attempts to explain strategic orientation exhibited by firms in response to deregulation from an institutional theory perspective. Integrating propositions have been developed to examine congruence of institutional theory concepts of coercive and mimetic isomorphism with stylized strategic orientation. Unique methodology of corroborating propositions with empirical findings from past studies was adopted. While partial support was found for propositions, the inferences drawn provide alternative explanations for results of empirical studies and for expanding the boundaries and scope of institutional theory.

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Working Papers | 2015

Organization Design for Knowledge Transfer in Alliances

Sunil Sharma

With increasing globalization, competitive landscape has undergone tremendous change. To cope up with turbulent environmental demands, firms are entering into alliances to bridge capability gap. However, movement from skill substitution to capability development requires firms to adopt organizational learning approach and to do so require organization reconfiguration. So far, literature has paid little attention to organizational redesign in response to the requirement of learning and developing capabilities. In a Joint venture, three actors are involved; Parent firm with capability, joint venture and parent firm seeking capability. This paper looks at issue of organizational learning and redesign from the perspective of parent firm seeking capabilities. An integrated framework is developed with addresses issue of identification of learning level and maps it with level of interface, control, and process orientation. Based on this framework, appropriate organizational design criteria to accomplish specific learning task processes can be formed for effective and targeted yet stable learning depending on the context.

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