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2773 items in total found

Working Papers | 1977

Using Personality Traits to Explain Consumer Behaviour: An Empirical Examination

Dholakia Ruby Roy

The use of personality theory in consumer behaviour research has met with more disappointments than success. The belief that individual difference in brand preference or choice behaviour are caused by personality differences has not always been supported by empirical research. Keeping the limitations of past findings in view, a study was conducted to test the relevance of personality trait theory for explaining consumption of instant coffee in India. The findings of this study help in defining the scope of the theory and their relevance for research and marketing strategy.

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Working Papers | 1977

Urban-Rural Income Differentials in India: An Inter-Regional Analysis

Dholakia Bakul H and Ravindra H. Dholakia

The present study aims at 1) estimating the magnitude of urban-rural per capital income differentials in Indian economy, 2) measuring the extent of inter-state variations in the urban-rural per capita income differential, 3) analyzing the contribution of the structural factors to the urban-rural differential and 4) analyzing the overall sensitivity of urban-rural income differential to sectoral productivity differentials. The study relates to the year 1970-71 and presents the estimates of urban and rural per capita incomes for the 15 major states of India whose population exceeded one per cent of the total population of the country in the census year 1971. The main findings of the study are: 1. The magnitude of urban-rural per capita income differential in India is of the order of around 2.4 to 2.5. 2. There exist considerable inter-state variations in the rural-urban per capital income differential, the ratio ranging all the way from 1.33 to 3.97. Rural per capita income shows a greater regional variation than urban per capita income. 3. The structural factors contribute marginally more to the urban-rural income differentials than the sectoral productivity differentials. 4. Within the sectoral productivity differentials the productivity differentials in the tertiary sector contribute more to the urban-rural income differential as compared those in the secondary sectors.

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Working Papers | 1977

Application of Systems Approach at the Micro Level in Education: Two Cases

Pareek Udai and T. V. Rao

This paper presents two cases to demonstrate the application of system approach at micro-level in education. The cases are based on the experiences of the author's work with school systems. One case deals with the application of systems approach in redesigning a tutorial system in a school and the second case deals with redesigning fifth standard curriculum of a school making it more relevant to the needs of the community where it is located. The problems in the use of systems analysis in education in India, the scope for the use of systems analysis in education, the areas where systems analysis is being used in India and the details of persons and institutions involved in the use of systems analysis are presented in the paper. These are based on a national survey conducted by the authors.

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Working Papers | 1977

Occupational Wage Structure in India

Verma Pramod

The paper seeks to distinguish between occupational wage structure and skill-based wage differentials. It is hypothesized that the wage widening factors are responsible for increasing skill differentials but they have also led for a narrowing of occupational wage structure. To substantiate the hypothesis, both a review of recent labor market studies and a macro analysis have been attempted. It is concluded that increasing demand for skilled labor, as reflected in skill composition, is positively correlated with skill differentials. Other variables, such as wage payment system, state regulation and trade unionism, have not been able to counteract market forces.

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Working Papers | 1977

Financing Minor Irrigation Projects: A Decision Theoretic Framework to Tackle Uncertainities

Srivastava Uma Kant and Oza Nikhil M

Minor Irrigation Schemes such as the construction of dug wells, dug-cum-bore wells and tube wells form a substantial part of irrigation development in the Fifth Plan. The importance of these schemes can be understood from the fact that six million hectares are to be covered by minor irrigation during the plan period. To support the targets of minor irrigation programme, financial institutions have stopped up their lending. The Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation have been playing a major role in promoting minor irrigation schemes through the financial institutions. One of the important constraints in lending for minor irrigation schemes has been the uncertainty associated with the outcome of these loans (because of the problem of failed wells) and consequent problems of recovery. This paper aims at providing a decision theoretic framework to tackle the problem of uncertainty in lending for minor irrigation schemes. The anatomy of decision theoretic approach consists of (i) alternatives, (ii) possible events which can take place in case of each alternative, (iii) probabilities associated with each possible event in case of each alternative, and (iv) a defined criterion of choice. The interactions between various elements are illustrated with the help of two examples based on the data from Mehsana district. The suggested framework is of general interest in dealing with the uncertainties in financing of dug wells, dug-cum-bore wells and tube wells. It is simple and required data are easily available at district and even at taluka level. Apart from bankers (including the regional rural banks) the framework can also be used by voluntary agencies in mitigating the hardships of those farmers who fail to strike work.

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Working Papers | 1977

A Network Planning Model for Power Transmission System

Mukherjee Shishir K

This paper explores the possibility of improving the utility of the well-known WASP computer package for investment planning in power systems by introducing a Network Planning Model for representing and planning the power transmission network expansion in the WASP package as a module. The Network Planning Model formulation for power generation and transmission system planning is described in detail illustrated by an application for the Northern regional power network in India. The integration of the Network planning model with the existing WASP modules at various levels is suggested and the additional data input on the locational aspects of the generating plants and the topology of the transmission network is specified. The implementation of the Network planning module within the WASP package is expected to provide a capability for simultaneous optimization of the generation and transmission system expansion to the WASP model.

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Working Papers | 1977

Interstate Variation in Female Labour Force Participation Rates in India - An Analysis of the 1971 Census Data

Dholakia Bakul H and Ravindra H. Dholakia

This paper makes an attempt to isolate the influence of structural differences in Female Population on the Female Labor Force Participation Rates (FPR) in different States and thereby measure the extent of actual regional variation in the Female Participation Rates in India. It also tries to examine various factors that influence the interstate variation in the adjusted FPR. The present study is based on the data available from 1971 population census and covers all the States of India as they existed at the time of 1971 census. The main findings of the study are: (1) the structural differences in female population among different regions do not contribute significantly to the observed interstate variation in FPR; (2) age-specific FPR shows much greater interstate variation in rural areas than in urban areas; (3) per capita income, average size of households and the overall literacy rate are the main factors which influence interstate variation in the basic work force tendency among females as measured by the FPR adjusted for the structural differences in female population.

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Working Papers | 1977

Baroda Experiment Urban Decentralization: A Study of Some Administrative Aspects

Bhatt Anil

This is an exploratory study of some administrative aspects of Baroda's pilot project on urban decentralization. The aspects examined are: Structure, functions and working in regard to personnel, supplies and equipment, paperwork and procedures, publicity and public relations and central office-ward office relationship. At the end an overall evaluation and suggestions are presented.

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Working Papers | 1977

Agricultural Sector and Growth Rates of NNP, 1950-51 to 1975-76

Desai G M

The paper focuses on the rates of growth of total net national product (NNP) and NNP originating from the agricultural sector vis-à-vis the non-agricultural sector. It is based on time series of NNP at 1960-61 prices for the period from 1950-51 to 1975-76. Despite the significant changes in the relative importance of NNP originating from the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in favor of the letter, and more than twice as much growth rate of the latter as compared to the former, the annual rates of growth in NNP were far more closely associated with rates of growth in NNP originating from the agricultural sector than rates of growth in NNP originating from the agricultural sector than rates of growth in NNP originating from the non agricultural sector. The close association between growth rates of total NNP and NNP originating from the agricultural sector holds good not only for the entire 25 year period but also for the period from 1962-63, or for that matter from 1967-68. In fact, the degree of association between these growth rates have increased while that between growth rates of total NNP and NNP originating from the non-agricultural sector has decreased after 1967-68.

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Working Papers | 1977

Theory of Financial Intermediation - A Portfolio Approach

Gupta Ramesh

Recent growth of financial institutions has resulted in an increased need for the financial analysts to study their behavior closely. In this study an attempt is made to explain the behavior of financial intermediaries in terms of portfolio theory using a preference function approach. By and large, the literature on the theory of financial intermediation has concentrated on either the asset side or the liability side of the balance sheet. In this paper, we have explicitly considered the fact that two sides of an intermediary's balance sheet are not independent.

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