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2773 items in total found

Working Papers | 1978

Depreciation and Replacement Cost

Gupta Ramesh

The sharp rise in prices in the last few years has stirred up a brisk debate on the meaning and measurement of business income. In computing income, the costs of labor and material are generally reflected in current prices, but the provision made for depreciation is generally not sufficient to replace the fixed assets. Accountants try to meet the depreciation shortfall by speeding up the normal process of writing off the original asset cost. Does it solve the problem? In this paper, we have investigated the various approaches to the problem of providing sufficient depreciation allowance in measuring income. The relationship between written down value and the straight-line inflation adjusted methods of providing depreciation has been examined. Simulation technique has been used to illustrate the problem and pertinent policy implications of the use of various depreciation methods have been highlighted.

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Working Papers | 1978

Transforming the Rural Poor: The Big Push Revisited

Sambrani Shreekant

The paper reexamines the logic and relevance of the big push in transforming the rural poor. Theories of circular causation of poverty and immanent economic controversies, such as the critical minimum effort, balanced vs. unbalanced growth are examined. The economic and social relevance of big push strategies as emerging from Indian realities is studied. Finally, some dilemmas in pursuing big push strategies and a few tentative formulations of what might constitute the big push are set forth.

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Working Papers | 1978

Managing the Agriculture Sector

Sambrani Shreekant

The paper attempts a broader, systems definition of the agriculture sector. It tries to establish the relevance of managerial concerns to tasks of decision-making in the agriculture sector. This is done through brief illustrations of concrete situations. Finally, the approach as followed in the Centre for Management in Agriculture, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad is discussed.

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Working Papers | 1978

Growth of Trade Unionism in India

Mohan Manendra, Mukherjee Shishir K, and Rai Ajai K

This paper gives a historical account of trade unionism. It considers political, economic and social developments which have moulded the growth pattern of trade unionism in India. The survey is divided into various phases in which trade union membership has increased, beginning with the early unionism, post-AITUC formation, World War II and its aftermath and the growth after 1947. An attempt has been made to relate the growth in union membership with economic conditions prevailing in the sub-periods. Statistical data are provided to substantiate the basic arguments. In conclusion secular trend in union membership has been subjected to statistical analysis. It has been concluded that the growth of union membership was influenced by the economic conditions and reinforced by political developments. On the contrary rapid increase in the number of unions has undoubtedly led to a decline in the average union membership. This has in fact contributed to the present loose amorphous state of union structure in the country.

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Working Papers | 1978

Fiscal Implications of Price Level Changes and Investment Decisions

Gupta Ramesh

This paper explores the effect of inflation on the real value of shareholders' equity given the current depreciation policy with respect to the corporate income taxes. Would partly debt financing of the firm's activities make any difference? The analysis brings out the relevant economic issues on which tax depreciation policy during inflation should be based that is, its impact on the net cash flows to the firm. The objective is to compare the situation of the firm and stockholder with inflation to their situation without inflation. Our conclusions are that to protect the stockholders from the vagaries of inflation, we need to have tax laws such that each firm adjust its depreciation charges according to its particular debt structure. The proposal to increase depreciation in proportion to the inflation would lead to a gain for stockholders, except in the case of a completely equity financed firm.

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Working Papers | 1978

Measuring Performance of Small Farmers Development Agency

Gaikwad V R

The purpose of this paper is to evolve certain methods of analysis and indicators for measuring the performance of the Small Farmers' Development Agency and apply these to the type of data which is normally collected by all the SFDAs operating in the country for preparation of quarterly and annual reports. The data analyzed in this paper pertains to an Agency operating since 1971. Against the standards developed for the Agency's functional operations, it was found that both the effectiveness and efficiency of the SFDA under study left much to be desired. Operational efficiency of the Agency could be improved by periodic monitoring of the performance against the stated norms and standards.

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Working Papers | 1978

Inflation and Project Evaluation: A Case Study of the Effect of Price Changes on Rate of Return

Gupta Ramesh

Inflation is one important economic variable which is playing an ever-expanding role in the decision making process of business, industry and government. The evaluation of capital expenditure projects are based on estimation of future economic benefits from such expenditure, and if such benefits are susceptible to changing prices, it becomes necessary to measure such effects. The major thrust of this study is that the discounted cash flow rate of return measure used in making capital investment is sensitive to prive-level changes. Several factors constitute the determinants of the resulting effects of price-level changes on rate of return. We have to separate the responsiveness of operating expenses from revenue, it is wholly conceivable that two are not equally responsive to general price-level changes. In this study, we used the empirical data as opposed to a hypothetical example to gauge the sensitivity of Internal Rate of Return to price-level changes.

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Working Papers | 1978

Corporate Investment in 1978: A Forecast

C Rangarajan

Investment in the private corporate sector, including the joint sector, has shown a substantial rise in 1977 as compared with 1976. However, this substantial rise has been contributed largely by the projects in the joint sector. Corporate investment in 1978 is likely to rise above the 1977 level by 5 to 8 per cent. The study entailed an analysis of the projects sanctioned by the all-India term lending institutions to the private corporate sector including the joint sector. Capital expenditure on all the projects sanctioned by these institutions will amount to Rs. 955 crores in 1977 compared with Rs. 702 crores in 1976. This steep increase in investment is largely accounted for by the 18 new joint sector projects initiated in 1977 which will alone incur capital expenditures of Rs. 102 crores. As of new, based on the projects sanctioned until the end of 1977, the capital expenditures in 1978 will be Rs. 735 crores. If we add to this the likely expenditures to be incurred on projects to be sanctioned in 1978, the total capital expenditures in the corporate sector in 1978 should rise above the 1977 level by 5 to 8 per cent.

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Working Papers | 1978

Educational Activities

Pareek Udai

Various organizations are recognizing the social responsibilities. One of the responsibilities of the organization is to look at change in a more planned way. The various innovations which the organization can make may be more systematically planned. Organizations interact with the environment. Environment may consist of the community in which the organization is located, the customers and their plans, resources institutions, and educational systems. Planned interventions of educational nature are used by organizations both for influencing external environment and for managing internal changes. These interventions can be both processed interventions and structured interventions. The various kinds of educational activities which organization can undertake may include sponsoring educational institutions, sponsoring project in the community, action programmes, getting involved in the community. Regarding educational activities within the organization important dimensions are socialization, training, and organizational development. Special attention may be paid to learning process as the underlying process of using educational activities whether external environment or within the organization.

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Working Papers | 1978

Designing and Conducting Microlab for Training

T. V. Rao and Pareek Udai

Microlab is a technique evolved originally as a part of T-group technology to unfreeze the participants before their participation in a T-group. This technique has been used in several innovative training programmes to communicate the innovativeness in the designs of these programmes and also to set a proper attitude for learning. This paper discusses the details of microlab along with some examples on its use in different programmes.

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