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2773 items in total found

Working Papers | 1988

Industrial Sickness in India: Magnitude and Identification Criteria

Dholakia Bakul H

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the criteria used by official agencies to identify industrial sickness and highlight the limitations of such identification criteria especially in the context of the nature of remedial action that needs to be taken to deal with this problem. Available empirical evidence indicates that, in the case of large industrial units, industrial sickness appears to be more of an industry-specific problem than a general problem as such. Official yardsticks for identifying industrial sickness are based on the criterion cash loss and the criterion of net worth erosion. Such criteria have the undesirable effect of delaying the identification of isck units by at least a couple of years or more. The recent concept of "weak" units is also unlikely to achieve the purpose of detecting industrial sickness at the incipient stage. As a result, a large proportion of the identified sick units is found to be non-viable and, therefore not eligible for any rehabilitation package. Under these circumstances, restructuring the procedures adopted by the financial institutions for identifying industrial sickness and introducing appropriate systems for early detection and prevention of sickness appear to be the main long term remedy for this problem.

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Working Papers | 1988

A Lot Size Model with Discrete Transportation Costs

Gupta Omprakash K and Rao P Poornachandra

The classical Harris-Wilson inventory model does not explicitly account for the costs incurred in transporting goods from the supplier to the buyer. Either such costs are assumed to be fixed and considered part of the ordering costs or they are assumed to be variable and are included in the item costs. In many situations, however, it is observed that a fixed cost is incurred for a transport mode, (of a given capacity), such as a truck or wagon. The very nature of this type of transport mode requires hiring of an integer number of trucks or wagons. Therefore the transportation cost function becomes a discrete function. In this paper we develop an inventory model with discrete transportation costs, and present an algorithm for the optimal lot size. Finally an example is given to illustrate the methodology.

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Working Papers | 1988

Quadratic Progamming Applications: A Review

Gupta Omprakash K and Shah Janath

This paper attempts to review applications of quadratic programming and quadratic integer programming. Major applications have been reported in the following areas: Finance, Agriculture, Economics, Production and Operations, Marketing, Public Policy, Water Resource Management and Transportation. Specific applications in each of these categories are briefly described.

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Working Papers | 1988

Marine and Inland Fishery Sectors in India: Issues Arising out of Privitization of Common Property Resources for Accelerating Production

Srivastava Uma Kant

The marine fishery resources are common property, theoretically accessible to all. However, due to cost and uncertainty of exportable resources, all types of boat owners tend to fish close to shore. Serious conflicts have been observed between the traditional and mechanized craft owners. Further, with the mechanization, decentralised landing places are giving way to more centralised landing and marketing places. Similarly, the inland fishery resources which are also common property, are now being privatized for the benefit of a few. This paper is designed to analyse Indian experience with emerging issues of equity, income distribution, employment and social tensions in the process of mechanization of marine fisheries and acceleration of production in inland fisheries.

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Working Papers | 1988

Does Type - A Moderate the Stress - Anger Relationship in Case of Managers

Pestonjee D M and Singh G P

The study reported in this paper examines the moderating role of Type-A pattern of behavioural disposition on the relationship between role stress and state-trait anger. A set of three psychometric instruments, namely, ORS Scale (Pareek, 1983), Can You Type Your Behaviour (Gmelch, 1982) and State-Trait Anger Scale (Spielberger et al, 1983) were administered on 547 management professional for the information pertaining to role stresses, Type-A-B behaviour patterns and state-trait angers respectively. Peason's product moment coefficient of correlation, subgrouping and hierarchical multiple repression analyses were used to analyse the data. Findings of the study revealed that Type-A pattern of behavioural disposition and state-trait anger associate positively and significantly with role stress variables. Further, more coefficients of correlation between state-anger and role stresses were found to be significant for Type-B managers than Type-As. Test of significance of difference revealed that relationship of state anger with six role stress variables, namely, interrole distance, role erosion, role overload, role ambiguity, resource inadequacy and overall role stress were significantly different and higher for Type-B managers. On the other hand, coefficients of correlation between trait anger and role stress variables were higher for Type-A managers as compared to Type-Bs. However, none of the relationship between the variables was found to be significantly different. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that form of relationship of two role stress variables (RS and REC) with state anger and of four role stress variables [RS, RE, RA and ORS(T)] with trait anger were significantly moderated by Type-A behaviour pattern.

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Working Papers | 1988

Distributional Impact of Government Expenditure - A Welfare Indicator Approach

Dholakia Archana R and Ravindra H. Dholakia

Existing approaches and empirical estimation of distributional impact of government expenditure so far have been heavily dependent on several restrictive assumptions which are questionable particularly for the developing countries where phenomena of externalities and indivisibilities play a vital role. Such approaches can, therefore, seriously distort not only the evaluation of government expenditure policies but also their future directions. In the present paper we develop a simple model based on a new welfare indicator approach. Such an approach avoids almost all the restrictive unrealistic assumptions of the earlier approaches. Our approach considers basic welfare which is the minimum desired welfare level rather than the total achievable welfare level of the population. The theoretical framework developed in the present paper is also extended to analyse the government expenditure policy questions if the empirical estimates based on our approach are available for the economy.

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Working Papers | 1988

Post - Production System: Himachal Apples

Girja Sharan and Kayastha Sandeep

A dynamic continuous mathematical model for post-production system of Himachal apples has been made. The model includes all operations from harvesting to arrival in the wholesale market at Delhi. Beta density function appears appropriate to define harvesting schedule that drives the model. Parameters used in the model are built on the basis of insights gained from published literature and discussions with the officials handling Himachal apples. The model is capable of indicating in advance the resource requirement (labour, trucks, boxes etc) at any or all nodal points in the post-production phase. It can readily show the effect of constraint on any of the resources. At present APMC market, Delhi is the only source of definitive statistics on apples. The model is therefore tested against data from the records of APMC for the season of 1987. In particular, the arrivals in Delhi as computed from the model and as recorded by APMC are compared. The form of curve resulting from computations and that of the actual are similar. When realistic constraint of shortage of trucks (inferred from APMC data) is imposed, besides the form, magnitudes of arrivals also come close. Thus, the model appears satisfactory. The model can be useful to large orchardists, cooperatives or other corporate bodies. It can also be useful to forwarding agents, cold storage facility owners and the APMC market. Design engineers working on mechanization of harvest, grading and handling will also find it useful.

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Working Papers | 1988

Development of a Psychometric Measure of Learned Helplessness (LH)

Pestonjee D M and Reddy Prathap

Behavioural sciences have constantly attempted to bring greater rigour in their measurements. Tests and instruments represent one such attempt. The aim of the present research is to evolve and develop a scientific tool for measurement of the 'learned helplessness' (LH) concept. The authors have taken into account such attributions as: internal-external, stable-unstable, and global-specific. With the help of factor-analysis, eight of factors have been extracted and a 24-item scale on LH has been standardised.

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Working Papers | 1988

Input-Output Tables for Kerala Methodology and Estimates

Ravindra H. Dholakia and Dholakia Bakul H

Input coefficient matrix and input transaction matrix for Kerala State are estimated in the present paper for 50 x 50 commodity sectors for the year 1984-85 at current prices. The sectors and methodology followed here are compatible and consistent with those of the national I-O tables which form the basis for the 7th Five Year Plan. The Kerala I-O matrices are estimated using both the survey based and non-survey based methods. Comparison of the estimates based on both these methods reveals that non-survey based method used in the paper performs satisfactorily to capture the overall regional differences from the national technology. If, however, the purpose is to capture sector-activity-specific differences in the regional technology, the survey based method should be preferred over the non-survey based method although the former involves much greater time and effort.

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Working Papers | 1988

Am Empirical Study of the Intertemporal Relations Among the Regional Share Price Indicators

Bhat Ramesh

The purpose of the present research effort is to examine the intertemporal relationships among the share price indictors of five regional stock exchanges at Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Ahmedabad and Delhi. For each regional share price index the monthly charges, both absolute and percentage, are complied and correlated with each other and all-India index over the time period March 1971 to June 1985. The lag of each regional price relative has been regressed against the lag of all-India price relative with its lead and lag variables. Finally, an attempt has been made to examine the inter-regional relationships among the five indicators by using the recursive regression method.

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