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3890 items in total found

Working Papers | 1974

Management of Industrial Conflict

Sheth N R and Shah B G

This paper is based on a case study of managerial problems arising from unionization among employees and subsequent events in union-management relations in one of the major commercial banks. The study shows that an initial attitude of indifference and hostility towards unionism resulted in a series of events involving a win-lose struggle between management and the union. Eventually when the union began to indulge in anti-social and destructive activities, the management took a decision to fight it out with the union regardless of the cause involved. In doing so, the management planned a strategy to deal with the various aspects of the conflict in relation to managerial objectives. Finally, when it scored a decisive victory over the union, the management in collaboration with the union successfully built a new relationship based on mutual trust and cooperation. In conclusion the authors stress the need for a clear and rational managerial approach to problems of industrial relations, rather than handling such problems on the basis of prejudices and short-term objectives.

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Working Papers | 1974

On the Number Non-Negative Integral Solutions to the Knapsack Problem

Raghavacahari M and Sabharwal Y P

This paper develops expressions for the exact number of solutions to the well known Knapsack problem. These formulae are compared with the bounds given by other researchers in this problem. A computer programme has also been developed to find the number of solutions.

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Working Papers | 1974

Some Conceptual Designs for Understanding Adoption and Diffusion Processes in Action

Gaikwad V R

This is the collection of some conceptual design for understanding adoption and diffusion processes in action. The topics covered are (1) Linking Individual adoption process with diffusion process in a community (2) calculation of AMO & NAR components under certain assumptions (3) variations in independent variables (4) Location of contribution of variables in adoption process or change inducing capacities of independent variables (5) information conversion capacity (6) the diffusion effect (7) Inter-link of rate of diffusion and rate of development of technology and (8) the key sources of information.

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Working Papers | 1974

Working Capital Requirements and Credit Needs for Foodgrains Distribution in India

Desai D K and Ramachandran V

This paper attempts to estimate the working capital required for the procurement and distribution of foodgrains. To arrive at the financial requirements for foodgrains distribution, estimates of the marketed surplus are needed. Instead of assuming a certain percentage of the total foodgrains production as the marketed surplus, a diferent technique was employed to estimate the marketed surplus. Based on the prices and stocks of foodgrains required at the beginning of the months and the marketed surplus of foodgrains, the working capital requirements were estimated for different years. The estimates of working capital for foodgrains show that the available bank credit met only 38 per cent of the maximum working capital required in 1972-73. Hence bank credit cannot be blamed for making possible the hoarding of foodgrains. In fact, by not supplying the necessary working capital for foodgrains, the banking system has forced foodgrain distribution to depend on non-banking sources. It has thus increased the cost of financing the working capital and helped the price increase of foodgrains.

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Working Papers | 1974

Economics of Gobar Gas Plant

Desai D K

The oil crisis has led us to explore the alternative sources of nitrogen. One of the alternatives for nitrogen is cow dung (Gobar). Scientists have invented a gobar gas plant which gives methane gas for fuel and rich slurry with high content of nitrogen. Based on the data provided by the Khadi and Village Industries Commission, the cost-benefit analysis of the gobar gas plant shows that the investment in gas plant is economical both from the private and social points of view.

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Working Papers | 1974

Futurology and Public Systems Analysis: A Major Social Need

Krishnayya J G

The rate of social and technological change is overtaking our problem-solving capability. There is urgent social need for institutions which will effectively work on the analysis of public policy and design of public systems along with surveys of the alternative futures which may befall us. Can such Rand-type institutions be created in India? The success of state federal and local governments in outpacing change may depend upon it.

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Working Papers | 1974

Population-Resource Dynamics in an Indian Village

Murthy Nirmal S

The paper presents a simulation model of population dynamics in an Indian village and discusses its usefulness to a policy maker concerned with the economic and social development of such a village. The model contains some of the elements and interrelations which seem to have significant impact on the determinants of population dynamics, namely, births, deaths and migrations. The model is then used as a tool, instead of a real village, to test different development policies for their impact on the village's population growth and economic condition over time. The policies such as health services, education, and family planning are introduced in the model to ascertain their effect on the balance of births, deaths and migration. No attempt is made to optimize the outcome of any policy. Preference for one outcome over another is left to the values and objectives of the user of the model.

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Working Papers | 1974

Need based Family Planning Programmes: Content and Treatment Guidelines for T V Producers

T. V. Rao

This article presents three models of human behaviour with special emphasis on the process of decision making at the individual level in the adoption of family planning practices. The first model describes how the adoption process is influenced by factors at three levels: individual, family and society. The second model views adoption behaviour as influenced by the personality of the adopter, practice characteristics, role of influential and change agents. The third model describes the sequential adoption process. Programme implications of these three models for T.V. producers have been discussed. Suggestions have been made on the basis of behavioural science research findings in family planning in India, about the content, and organization of future T.V. programmes for our country. The results discussed in this paper have implications for the diffusion of any method through mass media.

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Working Papers | 1974

Optimal Investment Planning Model for Power Systems

Mukherjee Shishir K

Availability of adequate and cheap electricity is one of the necessary requirements for industrial and agricultural development and it is also a basic requirement of urban life. Due to very rapid growth of demand for electricity and widespread shortages experienced in India, investment planning in the power sector is of prime importance. As power sector is also highly capital intensive, there is a definite need for determining least-cost investment plans and the use of operations research techniques for choosing the best expansion path from a large number of alternative system expansion plans for power generation. The present paper describes an optimal investment planing model for determining the least-cost expansion plan for generating capacity of a power system under growing demand over a planning horizon of 15 to 25 years. Given projections of future demand for power, the expected shape of the annual load duration curve and relevant capital and operating cost information, a solution of the mixed integer linear programming model would provide the type, capacity and time schedule of commissioning the additional generating plants needed for meeting the given demand with an accepted standard of service in terms of reserve requirements or load-loss probability.

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Working Papers | 1974

Price Behaviour in India - An Explanation Through a Model of Supply and Demand for Money

C Rangarajan

To what extent can changes in money account for changes in price level? The model presented in this paper seeks to explain changes in price level through the divergence between nominal money supply fixed by monetary authorities and warranted money supply determined by changes in real income. After developing the model in detail an attempt is made to test how far such a model explains the behaviour of general price level in India in the past twenty years. The crucial behavioural relations to be estimated in this model was the demand for money in real terms. Three equations were estimated using three variants of the real income variables. These equations together with the changes in real income formed the basis for computing the price indexes. We estimated the price indexes for the period 1950-51 to 1965-66. While the 'preferred variant' of the model performs well in terms of estimating the level of prices it does not perform that well when year to year percentage changes in price level constitute the basis of comparison. Out of 16 years in six years the percentage change in estimated price index differs from the percentage change in actual index by more than 5%.

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