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3846 items in total found

Working Papers | 1974

Management of Rural Development Programme: Organizational Deficiencies and Strategies for Improvement

Gaikwad V R

The main burden of managing Rural Development Programmes falls on the District Administration which is operating unit of the government for specified region. The district Administration being an integral part of larger administrative system, suffers from the various maladies effecting the larger system. While the overall nature of deficiencies in Indian bureaucracy is well known, little is known about how these deficiencies affect the implementation process. This paper examines the administrative process to bring out whether some structural and organizational changes at the district level alone would be able to improve the efficiency of the machinery. It highlights some of the administrative processes that generally affect the performance of various management tasks at the district level and examines the different approaches for introducing structural changes in the system for improving its efficiency.

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Working Papers | 1974

Management of the Public Distribution System for Meeting the Needs of the Urban Poor

Chauhan K K S and Srivastava Uma Kant

The main objective of this study was to examine the factors which compel the poor to pay more than the better off sections of the society for the goods they buy. The study revealed that the poor end up paying more prices because they buy essential commodities in small quantities daily or twice a week from small shops located in their localities. These shops are able to charge much higher prices than the shops in the main markets because of lack of mobility on the part of poor people and the ignorance about the prices in the main markets. The Fair Price Shops are of little help in reviving the squeeze operating on the abject poor from the side of consumption. Certain ways of managing the fair price shops are suggested to take care of the needs of poor. For example, the study found that even those poor people who had ration cards, very often did not have money to buy their ration quota when turn came. Also they have to visit fair price shops 2 or 3 times to get their quota. This involves loss of wages for those days. Similarly, the commodity mix applied buy the fair price shops has to be different to meet the needs of poor. All these problems can be solved if the suggestions of the study are accepted.

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Working Papers | 1974

Orientation Towards Work and School: Cultural Context and Intervention Strategies

Pareek Udai

Cultural factors influence person's orientation towards work and school. Four categories distinguishing pre-industrial from industrial cultures are: 1. Permanence of roles (affiliation versus inclusion, collaboration versus competition, sureness versus tentativeness, and collectiveness versus individualism), 2. Societal Determinism (locus of control as external versus internal, dependency versus interdependence, and momentariness versus transcendence), 3. Experience and knowledge (egocentrism versus decentrism, and cognitive simplicity versus complexity), 4. Time orientation. For change in orientation to work, the following factors are important: 1. Time differentiation, 2. Role differentiation, 3. Temporary system membership, 4. Boundary differentiation, 5. Role hierarchy, 6. Reward system and 7. Use of tools. The factors influencing orientation to school are: 1. Decontextualization, 2. Development of internal control, 3. Development of abstract knowledge, 4. Systematic development, 5. Personal autonomy and 6. Group as a help. Various intervention strategies are discussed with special reference to orientation to work and school.

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Working Papers | 1974

Stochastic Point Processes in a Storage Model

Rao P Poornachandra and Kalro A H

A warehouse with a storage capacity of n units is considered. While the units of input arrive according to a general stationary point process f (t), the stored items are cleared with the arrival of a bulk order which is assumed to arrive according to another general stationary point process Y (t). When the inputs exceed n, there is a cost associated with an emergency clearance. Further there are costs associated with shortage when the bulk order arrives to find the store empty and costs of maintenance of the n unit warehouse. The techniques of stationary point processes are employed to study this selective interaction and to arrive at the total cost function at any time t. This total cost function is used to obtain the optimal warehouse capacity.

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Working Papers | 1974

Use of Non-Cognitive Instruments in Personnel Selection and Appraisal

T. V. Rao

This paper discusses the scope for using non-cognitive instruments. The instruments have been dealt with at three levels: self, social interaction, and person-organization interaction. Examples have been cited where scope for using a non-cognitive instrument in selection procedures is possible. The person environment (need press discrepancies) as a potential tool for selection of personnel is stressed. A review of the non-cognitive instruments available in India that are likely to be useful in personnel selection has been presented.

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Working Papers | 1974

Development of an Entrepreneur: A Behaviouristic Model

T. V. Rao

The paper presents a 5-step behaviouristic model for the development of entrepreneurs. The stages are (1) entrepreneurial dispositions, (2) decisions to be an entrepreneur; (3) professional socialization; (4) environmental explorations; and (5) organizational socialization. Several factors characterizing each stage are discussed. The model is a sequential decision process model. Research studies conducted in India have been quoted to support the different factors contributing to each stage and the process of the development of entrepreneurship. Implications of the model for future researches, selection and training of entrepreneurs have been discussed.

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Working Papers | 1974

Structured Interviews and FRM Acceptability

Pareek Udai and T. V. Rao

This paper discusses the structured interview technique for cross-cultural studies on the acceptance of fertility regulation methods (FRM). Procedural requirements like purpose, preparation of the schedule, sequencing response structures, scaling reliability, validity and authenticity, interviewer and his personality, respondents, interviewing process, type of data yielded and data collection procedures have been discussed. A methodological note on designing research to study the attributes of fertility regulation methods has also been appended. This deals with a combination of different scaling techniques. This paper has practical relevance to product attribute researches.

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Working Papers | 1974

Stochastic Models for Stock Price Fluctuations

Rangan A and Kalro A H

Two models for the stock price fluctuations are proposed. Defining a stochastic integral Y(t) for the cumulative stock price change, the first model deals with the transformed solution of the probability density function of Y(t). Introducing the serial dependence of the inputs, a semi-Markov model is proposed for the stock price fluctuations. The moments of Y(t) are obtained from an integral equation for the characteristic function of Y(t).

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Working Papers | 1974

Capital Expenditures in Corporate Sector - A Forecast for 1974

C Rangarajan

An attempt is made in this paper to forecast investment in the private corporate sector for the year 1974 by using the data available with the three leading term lending institutions. The data cost relevant in this context are the time phasing of capital expenditures on projects sanctioned by these institutions in the current and in the previous years. Given the long time lag involved in obtaining and analysing data on company finances which is now the source for obtaining estimates on capital formation in the corporate sector, our method besides helping to formation in the corporate sector, our method besides helping to forecast, fills an important gap by providing within a short period of the end of a year an indication of the direction and quantum of investment in corporate private sector in that year. The major conclusion drawn is that even allowing for price changes, the total capital expenditures in 1974 by the corporate sector would be higher than that in 1973. The new commitments made in 1973 and in early 1974 indicate that investment in certain key industries may be lagging behind. As of now, the picture for 1975 is not encouraging unless there is a dramatic change in the investment climate during 1975 itself.

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Working Papers | 1974

Some Results on the Use of Random Numbers in Sampling from Finite and Infinite Populations

Sabharwal Y P

Conceptual framework is provided for some of the well known ideas relevant to the use of random numbers for sampling. Results on the efficient choice of d (the number of digits in the column of random numbers) are envisaged to be of use to the practitioner in designing a simulation exercise. The exact and appropriate methods of sampling in different situations are also given. Most of the work is limited to univariate populations, but briefly methods are indicated for dealing with bivariate or multivariate cases.

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