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3819 items in total found

Working Papers | 1982

Models of Role Identity in Indian Women Barriers to Growth

Parikh Indira J

The paper is based on the ten years of experience of the author and her colleague professor Pulin K. Garg with women students, career women, professionals and housewives. The paper explores the dynamics of 'being' and 'becoming' of Indian women. The women experienced their 'being' mortgaged to the traditional culture and prescriptive roles and their 'becoming' to the emerging modern aspirations. Each step the women take to come to terms confronts her with a choice-the choice of branching out on her own or to postpone her dreams and aspirations for the role security of home and husband, the choice of enduring and persistant involvement in her career, life and meaning or to engage in transiant activities to save herself from boredom and spathy. Women who are attempting to create space for themselves and redefinition of their roles are confronted with fears of social stigma, isolation and loneliness. Their search for personhood gets them caught in the pulls and pushes of fragmented and narrow roles and the vicious grasp of the neurotic role processes of the Indian social system. It sucks them deeper in resolving inter personal relationship in their social and work setting. The role models both social and spiritual which are available provide only partial anchors. These models are either confronting, reacting or side stepping the system without modifying it. These role models only attempt to transcend the social system but fail to generate new processes of role change within the social system. It seems that the only alternative available to Indian women is to discover their psychological resources to trust themselves to create a path, and like heroes tread the path which has not been travelled before Women in search for existential meaning for themselves can only learn to make choices and not compromises and pay the price of the choices without blaming or bitterness.

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Working Papers | 1982

Phase of Divergent Thinking

Khandwalla P N

Twenty-one subjects were given the divergent thinking task of listing green, funny, and liquid objects and asked to think aloud. Their protocols were analysed and five phases and 23 sub-phases of divergent thinking were identified. Ideating was found to be the most commonly utilised phase. Its frequency was negatively correlated with problem structuring and feeling, and positively with evaluating. The most common transitions from each of the five phases were identified, and several recursive problem solving paths were constructed. Contrary to the general presumption of sequentiality among phases of divergent thinking, no notable sequentiality was found. Creative solutions tended to be proceded by redifinition of constraints, listing activity, and playful elaboration of a solution more often than "objective" solutions. Market differences were found in the problem solving style of the subjects. Implications of the findings were discussed.

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Working Papers | 1982

Bureaucracy for Peoples Development: A Contradiction or Congruence?

Moulik T K

This paper is based on several years experience of the author in working in close touch with Bureaucracy at several levels of administration. Based on this experience, the paper conceptualize the basic nature of bureaucracy and its constraints in performing the role of leadership in people's development programmes. Drawing from representative case experiences and interviews with the bureaucrats, the paper brings out hypothesis about the expected and actual roles of bureaucracy which can be efficiently performed in relation to people's development programmes.

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Working Papers | 1982

Land Reforms Legislations: Problems and Prospects

Moulik T K and Tripathi B L

Though a variety of land reforms legislations have been created in the past independence days with the objectives of abolition of intermediaries, security of tenants and equitable distribution of land, the implementation of these legislations was far from satisfactory. The land continues to be concentrated in a few large land lords which have adversely affected the per acre investment, conseanatly low return per acre. The exchange relationship by and large remain fondle and semi fondle in character. This is equally true of social relationships. It is deeply influenced by the agrarian structure of the jagirdars. System that prevailed in 1950's. There appears to be some loopholes in the legislations particularly fixation of

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Working Papers | 1982

QWL in Indian Organisations: An Irrelevant View

Ganesh S R

This paper takes the position that in Indian organisation, the most central and pivotal concern is the concept of work itself. Work is defined as activities that contribute to achieving organisational missions. Where work itself as a concept and a culture has not been internalised in Indian organisations, it is very difficult to talk about quality of work life (QWL). This paper takes the irreverent view that where work itself is not accepted as part of existence, it is meaningless to talk about quality of work life, in the sense that this term is used internationally. This view is elaborated in tow parts. The first part looks at why work is not a central concept in Indian culture and economy and how this affects performance of organisations. The second part illustrates through the author's experiences with a few organisations the importance of interventions to bring about a "work culture" before one even begins to think about QWL.

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Working Papers | 1982

Choice of Technology: Some Forethoughts on a Socio-Technical

Moulik T K and Gupta R K

The unintended consequences of industrialisation in the form of social problems are a matter of growing concern. An even more challenging task is to industrialise the pre-industrial societies without creating similar problems. The authors contend that this requires a viewpoint which integrates the material and the meaning levels of human reality ('psucho-material worldview'). It also requires a fresh look at the continuity of human rationality from pre-scientific to scientific stages of development. These revisions in social-scientific perspective on human affairs suggest a set of propositions which link up human aspirations, rationality, technology, and adaptation of innovations. The paper concludes that a bolder approach of ethical social-experimentation would be needed to achieve praxis in societal development.

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Working Papers | 1981

Credit Policy for Small and Marginal Farmers - A Second Look

Desai D K

The National Commission on Agriculture has advocated that the new agricultural credit policy must satisfy that all activities financed under its regis,

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Working Papers | 1981

Formats for Reply Coupons in Advertisements

Shingi P M

Reply coupons and inquires in advertisements are ways devised by advertisers to encourage readers to act quickly on the newly acquired information or desire. The paper presents a comprehensive list of formats that can be used for soliciting inquiries. It also gives different types of coupons for ready use.

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Working Papers | 1981

Locus of Control as a Moderator of Role Stress - Satisfaction Relationship

Pestonjee D M and Singh U B

Present investigation is an attempt to study the effect of locus of control on the relationship between various role stressors and satisfaction with many off-the-job and on-the-job situations. 101 executives and engineers of an electricity generating and supplying company served as the sample of this study. Various role stressors were assessed with the help of Your Feelings About Your Role Scale. Satisfaction was assessed with help of S-D Employee's Inventory. Locus of Control was measured by Rotter's (1966) I-E Scale. Statistical analysis performed in terms of correlation coefficients, sub-group analysis, and moderated regression analysis indicate the locus of control has moderated the relationships between self-role distance and satisfaction with the job, self-role distance and satisfaction with on-the-job situations, self0roel distance and satisfaction as a whole, role ambiguity and satisfaction with the job, and role isolation and personal adjustment. The implications of the above findings in the industrial/organizational contexts are also discussed.

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Working Papers | 1981

Typology of Headlines

Shingi P M

This paper brings out a theme-based typology of headlines normally useful for verbal component in print advertising. The existing modes of presenting or classifying the headlines is briefly presented to indicate their inadequacy. The various possible positioning of headlines is also elaborated in the text.

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