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Working Papers | 1985

Support Systems for Agricultural Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

Desai G M

Poor agricultural growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is sometimes attributed to the absence of major technological breakthrough. It must be recognized that there is enough scope to raise agricultural production under the prevailing technological environment by removing many deficiencies in the agricultural output marketing and input supply systems. The importance of this strategy cannot be overemphasized as it will improve the agricultural performance in the short-run and facilitate the spread of new technologies when they become available. This brief paper is based on the experiences of Asian countries in tackling the deficiencies in support systems for agricultural development. The three major arguments are as follows. First, an objective assessment of the slack in the existing production system may be crucially important in generating meaningful policy responses. Second, it seems useful to distinguish between marketing systems for food vis-à-vis commercial crops like cotton, tobacco, coffee and cocoa. Although deficiencies in all these systems may be similar, their origins and solutions could be quite different. Third, the questions of how to remove various deficiencies in policies seems much larger and far more complex than just of government's direct involvement in these systems and "faulty" price policies.

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Working Papers | 1985

Innovation in Elementary Education in India

Agrawal B B, Maru Rushikesh, and Subramanian Ashok K

This paper reviews major innovations in primary education in India. The innovations are organized from most simple to the most complex. At the end, the authors have attempted to summarize lesson from the experiences of various innovative projects.

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Working Papers | 1985

Talent and the Pioneering-Innovating Motive

Khandwalla P N

The paper argues that the wish to pioneer and innovate is essential if talented persons are to give their best to society. The paper reports the relationships between the pioneering-innovating and five other motives, namely, growth, effectiveness, conscientiousness, status, and safety, for a sample of 750 Indian professionals, and relationships between these motives and environmental characteristic, long term career choices, fluency, blockage, initiative, etc., for smaller samples of professionals. The paper also presents some intriguing data on the differences in correlations between the six motives under conditions of high and low conflict among motives. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for the nurturance of talent.

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Working Papers | 1985

Investment Opportunities and Gordons Stock Valuation Model-A Note

Ragunathan V and Srinivasan G

The traditional stock valuation model incorporating growth opportunities, fails to recognise the investment opportunities constraint. As a result the conventional model fails to provide an optimum reinvestment ratio and instead provides merely a limit for the same. This note recognises the opportunities constraint explicitly and in the process provides an expression for optimal reinvestment ratio.

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Working Papers | 1985

India Trade with South and South East Asia: Scope for Further Cooperation

Wadhva Charan D

This paper briefly examines the current status of India's trade relations with two developing sub-regions of Asia, namely, South Asia and Southeast Asia. South Asia covers seven countries who have recently loosely grouped themselves under "South Asian Regional Cooperation" (SARC) and are likely to formally launch "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation" (SAARC) in December 1985. These countries are : Bangladesh, Bhutan , India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Southeast Asia covers five countries belonging to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. This paper explores the progress and prospects for "South-South" cooperation in trade and trade-related areas. For analysing trade relations, we have employed two analytical measures, namely, (I) Kojima indices of trade intensity; and (ii) Wadhva index of trade reciprocity. This paper indicates that good scope for further cooperation in trade and trade related areas exists both between India and other South Asian Countries as well as between India and Southeast Asian Countries. However, considering the geopolitical and structural economic realities, we have recommended that the multilateral approach being followed under "SARC" (where trade cooperation is not being currently considered) should be supplemented by carefully formulated moves/further moves for bilateral cooperation in trade and trade-related matters. We have also recommended taking strong diplomatic initiatives by India to strengthen trade cooperation with the fastest growing ASEAN region especially through bilateral moves. We have also pleaded for strengthening trade cooperation between India and a Newly Industrializing Country of Southeast Asia, namely, South Korea.

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Working Papers | 1985

A Lower Bound on Fleet-Size in Variable-Schedule Fleet-Size Problem

Ankolekar Suresh and Patel Nitin R

This paper discusses an approach to compute a lower bound on fleet-size in variable-schedule fleet-size problem. The lower bound is computed in two stages. In stage one, a fixed-schedule fleet-size problem is solved for a relaxed set of trips where each trips is assumed to be departing at its latest permissible departure time and yet arrive at earliest arrival time resulting in reduced elapsed time. In second stage the lower bound is augmented by the minimum additional fleet-size required to make each trip individually restorable to its original elapsed time.

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Working Papers | 1985

Complete Matching in a Trinomial Doubly-Convex Complete Bipartite Graph

Ankolekar Suresh and Patel Nitin R

This paper discusses minimum matching in a trinomial doubly convex bipartite graph. The graph consists of three categories of arcs forming a doubly convex structure. The matching involves lexicographical minimization in required order of categories. Due to the special structure of the problem, certain 'greedy' procedures are found to be optimal.

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Working Papers | 1985

Experiences of Designing a Case Based Compulsory Marketing Courses for a Masters Level Programme in Management

A. K. Jain and M. R. Dixit

This paper describes authors' experiences of designing a case based compulsory marketing course for Post Graduate Programme (PGP) in Management (equivalent to MBA) at Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA). Given the course objectives, set in context of the programme objectives, the participants profile, and the overall learning culture at IIMA; the paper discusses the experiences of design of (I) overall course structure, (ii) different types of modules in the course, and (iii) learning climate in the course. Approaches used for improving the design of each of these over the last 20 years along with assessments of the approaches as well as the currently unresolved issues are presented. The paper concludes with some remarks useful for improving the design of the course and its modules as well as learning climate. Implications for improved design of case based functional area courses as well as other compulsory course offered in PG Programmes are also presented in the end.

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Working Papers | 1985

The Influence of Industry Structure on Firm Perfomances and Conduct in a Managerial Theory of the Firm

John K C

In this paper a general model of industrial organizations is developed along the lines of the managerial theories of the firm. The utility function of management and shareholders-the two important stakeholders of contemporary organizations-are embedded within a framework due to Svejnar and Kalai. The model explicitly considers market structure, entry conditions and firm financial structure in order to generate a wide range of empirically verifiable hypotheses. The equilibrium and comparative static implications of the formulated model are explored. Several empirically testable proposition are generated by this analysis.

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Working Papers | 1985

Organizational Effectiveness: Post-1976 Survey of Indian Research

Khandwalla P N

The paper examines the concept, determinants, and implications of the effectiveness of complex organizations in the Indian development context. The terms effectiveness, complex organization, and Indian developmental context are first discussed briefly. A model of organizational effectiveness drawing upon global work on contingency, systems, strategic choice, and synergy approaches is presented. Post-1976 Indian work relevant to organizational effectiveness is surveyed, with the organization as a whole rather than the individual organizational member, as the focus of enquiry. An attempt is made to examine the contribution of this work in terms of the delineated model of organizational effectiveness of strategic organizations that play a vital role in socio-economic development. The review summarizes the findings on the determinants and consequences of organizational effectiveness. It concludes by identifying some major research gaps and proposes several hypotheses to spur fresh research.

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