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3894 items in total found

Working Papers | 1988

Redefinition of Social and Organisational Roles

Parikh Indira J and Garg Pulin K

This paper explores the institution of marriage and work organization as held by women. Both systems demand responses from women for which they are often not prepared. Their dreams of romanticised marriage and fantasy of togetherness often lead them to dis-illusionment and dis-enchantment. Their career aspirations without the reality appraisal of organisations and their own definition of systems lead them to frustrations. They are pulled and pushed between social and organization role demands, and their own entrenchment in stereotypes of role taking. The conflict between the desired and the aspired daughter-in-law, wife and mother roles on the one hand and desired, aspired professional and career role on the other hand creates conflicts, stress and guilt. Women get caught with the internalization of the normative prescriptive modalities of social and work systems. The role models from family, culture and history are insufficient and inadequate for meaningful responses. This paper explores those areas of role taking by women which can help redefine and redesign new responses in both the systems. It deals with the reinterpretation of existing roles and arriving at an integrated perspective for women which can bring convergence within both the systems of family and work. This paper suggests that women who encounter in themselves the women-person dilemma and take charge of their own destiny in their hands to give it a shape, form and a meaning finally come to make choices for the wellbeing of both themselves and the system. In the absence of such an integration, women when confronted with the turmoil of the two systems either become conformists or rebels or exile themselves and end up making compromises rather than choices.

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Working Papers | 1988

Industrial Sickness in India: Magnitude and Identification Criteria

Dholakia Bakul H

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the criteria used by official agencies to identify industrial sickness and highlight the limitations of such identification criteria especially in the context of the nature of remedial action that needs to be taken to deal with this problem. Available empirical evidence indicates that, in the case of large industrial units, industrial sickness appears to be more of an industry-specific problem than a general problem as such. Official yardsticks for identifying industrial sickness are based on the criterion cash loss and the criterion of net worth erosion. Such criteria have the undesirable effect of delaying the identification of isck units by at least a couple of years or more. The recent concept of "weak" units is also unlikely to achieve the purpose of detecting industrial sickness at the incipient stage. As a result, a large proportion of the identified sick units is found to be non-viable and, therefore not eligible for any rehabilitation package. Under these circumstances, restructuring the procedures adopted by the financial institutions for identifying industrial sickness and introducing appropriate systems for early detection and prevention of sickness appear to be the main long term remedy for this problem.

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Working Papers | 1988

A Lot Size Model with Discrete Transportation Costs

Gupta Omprakash K and Rao P Poornachandra

The classical Harris-Wilson inventory model does not explicitly account for the costs incurred in transporting goods from the supplier to the buyer. Either such costs are assumed to be fixed and considered part of the ordering costs or they are assumed to be variable and are included in the item costs. In many situations, however, it is observed that a fixed cost is incurred for a transport mode, (of a given capacity), such as a truck or wagon. The very nature of this type of transport mode requires hiring of an integer number of trucks or wagons. Therefore the transportation cost function becomes a discrete function. In this paper we develop an inventory model with discrete transportation costs, and present an algorithm for the optimal lot size. Finally an example is given to illustrate the methodology.

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Working Papers | 1988

Quadratic Progamming Applications: A Review

Gupta Omprakash K and Shah Janath

This paper attempts to review applications of quadratic programming and quadratic integer programming. Major applications have been reported in the following areas: Finance, Agriculture, Economics, Production and Operations, Marketing, Public Policy, Water Resource Management and Transportation. Specific applications in each of these categories are briefly described.

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Working Papers | 1988

Input-Output Tables for Kerala Methodology and Estimates

Ravindra H. Dholakia and Dholakia Bakul H

Input coefficient matrix and input transaction matrix for Kerala State are estimated in the present paper for 50 x 50 commodity sectors for the year 1984-85 at current prices. The sectors and methodology followed here are compatible and consistent with those of the national I-O tables which form the basis for the 7th Five Year Plan. The Kerala I-O matrices are estimated using both the survey based and non-survey based methods. Comparison of the estimates based on both these methods reveals that non-survey based method used in the paper performs satisfactorily to capture the overall regional differences from the national technology. If, however, the purpose is to capture sector-activity-specific differences in the regional technology, the survey based method should be preferred over the non-survey based method although the former involves much greater time and effort.

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Working Papers | 1988

Am Empirical Study of the Intertemporal Relations Among the Regional Share Price Indicators

Bhat Ramesh

The purpose of the present research effort is to examine the intertemporal relationships among the share price indictors of five regional stock exchanges at Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Ahmedabad and Delhi. For each regional share price index the monthly charges, both absolute and percentage, are complied and correlated with each other and all-India index over the time period March 1971 to June 1985. The lag of each regional price relative has been regressed against the lag of all-India price relative with its lead and lag variables. Finally, an attempt has been made to examine the inter-regional relationships among the five indicators by using the recursive regression method.

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Working Papers | 1988

A Study of Role Stresses in Top and Middle Management

Pestonjee D M

In the present study, attempt is made to explore the types of role stresses experienced by top and middle management personnel and to establish the degree of relationship among these role stress variables. 'ORS Scale' developed and standardized by Pareek (1983) was administered on a sample of 221 top managers and 326 middle managers. This scale measures ten types of role stresses as well as overall role stress. Critical ratio test, median test and Pearson's product moment coefficients of correlation were used to analyse the data. Findings of the study revealed that Middle managers (MMG) scored significantly higher on interrole distance, personal inadequacy, self-role distance and resource inadequacy. Role expectation conflict, role ambiguity and overall role stress were also found to be significantly higher in case of middle managers (MMG) as compared to top managers (TMG). Out of 55 coefficients of correlation among role stress factors, 53 for top managers and 51 for middle managers emerged as statistically significant. In the light of findings, implications of the study are also discussed.

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Working Papers | 1988

Market-Wide Commonalities in Corporate Earnings and Significance Tests of Accounting Beta

Bhat Ramesh

The annual earnings performance of a company reflect numerous events. Some of these events affect almost all the companies in the economy whereas some are specific to the industry in which the company is operating. The objective of the present paper is to discern and quantify the influences arising primarily because of economy-wide factors. They are referred as market-wide commonalities in corporate earnings. This has been done by using the market model framework. The study uses a sample of 182 companies from the population of companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange The earnings and book rate of return series of 17 years for each company is used to construct the market index. The accounting earnings beta estimates are obtained for each company by using OLS method. The market model has been tested in its various forms. The model consistent with OLS specification has been considered to be more relevant in interpreting the results. The hypothesis that there is a systematic index does not find empirical support. The explanatory power of the models consistent with OLS assumptions has been found to be very low.

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Working Papers | 1988

Marine and Inland Fishery Sectors in India: Issues Arising out of Privitization of Common Property Resources for Accelerating Production

Srivastava Uma Kant

The marine fishery resources are common property, theoretically accessible to all. However, due to cost and uncertainty of exportable resources, all types of boat owners tend to fish close to shore. Serious conflicts have been observed between the traditional and mechanized craft owners. Further, with the mechanization, decentralised landing places are giving way to more centralised landing and marketing places. Similarly, the inland fishery resources which are also common property, are now being privatized for the benefit of a few. This paper is designed to analyse Indian experience with emerging issues of equity, income distribution, employment and social tensions in the process of mechanization of marine fisheries and acceleration of production in inland fisheries.

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Working Papers | 1988

Post - Production System: Himachal Apples

Girja Sharan and Kayastha Sandeep

A dynamic continuous mathematical model for post-production system of Himachal apples has been made. The model includes all operations from harvesting to arrival in the wholesale market at Delhi. Beta density function appears appropriate to define harvesting schedule that drives the model. Parameters used in the model are built on the basis of insights gained from published literature and discussions with the officials handling Himachal apples. The model is capable of indicating in advance the resource requirement (labour, trucks, boxes etc) at any or all nodal points in the post-production phase. It can readily show the effect of constraint on any of the resources. At present APMC market, Delhi is the only source of definitive statistics on apples. The model is therefore tested against data from the records of APMC for the season of 1987. In particular, the arrivals in Delhi as computed from the model and as recorded by APMC are compared. The form of curve resulting from computations and that of the actual are similar. When realistic constraint of shortage of trucks (inferred from APMC data) is imposed, besides the form, magnitudes of arrivals also come close. Thus, the model appears satisfactory. The model can be useful to large orchardists, cooperatives or other corporate bodies. It can also be useful to forwarding agents, cold storage facility owners and the APMC market. Design engineers working on mechanization of harvest, grading and handling will also find it useful.

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