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3894 items in total found

Working Papers | 1992

A Preliminary Note on Rain-Shadow Effect and Strategic Forestry

Gaikwad V R

The purpose of this note is to present some tentative ideas on rain-shadow effect which may lead to further exploration of: a) The relationship between the rain-shadow effect of the Western Ghats (the Syhadri ranges) and the drought-prone regions in the Peninsular India, especially, the Deccan Plateau; b) Factors associated with the location of and areas under the rain-shadow; and c) Possible effect of manipulation of these factors, (e.g. strategically developed forest cover) on the location of and area under rain-shadow. Underlying this exploration is a question and a philosophy. Why some regions in the Peninsular India have low rainfall and are drought-prone? If low rainfall is due to rain-shadow, we have two options: One, consider rain-shadow as a given, perpetual, natural topographical/geographical constraint, and concentrate on such activities as exploitation and conservation of available underground and surface water, bringing water to the region by canals, and undertaking relief operations during droughts. Two, scientifically analyse the very cause, namely, the factors associated with the rain-shadow effect, and explore the possibility of manipulating these factors to minimize the rain-shadow effect.

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Working Papers | 1992

Monotonic Solutions to Production Planning Problems

Lahiri Somdeb

A common problem in production planning for a public firm producing n distinct commodities in the same plant and facing a cost constraint, is the choice of the levels of output of the various commodities. This is a classical problem in the theory of publicly regulated firms and assumes significance in the absence of objective guidelines in determining the levels of output. It is to the study of such problems that we focus in this paper.

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Working Papers | 1992

Marketing of Scales in India: Status and Issues

Gurdev Singh and Asokan S R

Seed is a unique agricultural input in the sense it has life, it imbibes productivity potential in it, and it can be multiplied by farmers themselves. In most crops it is the cheapest of all inputs required for increased production. This paper presents brief introduction to the nature of this input, description of existing delivery system identification of issues related to seed marketing in India. The issues are concerned with the primary seed market demand forecast and operational aspects of seed marketing.

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Working Papers | 1992

Indian Economic Forecast November 1992

Rastogi A B

There are confusing signals which are being given by different ministers and their officials about the health of Indian economy. Among all this brouhaha attempt is made to give economic logic to events occurring around us and it is argued that the liberalisation process is very much on track. There is general sluggishness in the economy partly owing to hoarding by traders and slackness in domestic demand for consumer goods. The back of spiraling inflation has been broken and heat of competition is being felt in market place. The governments' credibility is at stake and hence in the coming budget we are not likely to see any hesitation or delay in implementing pre-announced reforms in trade sector and industrial sector.

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Working Papers | 1992

Revitalizing the Cooperative Agriculture Credit Structure: A Case Study of Kheda District

Seetharaman S P, Gurdev Singh, and Srivastava Uma Kant

With a view to understand the current status and working of Cooperative credit Structure and to formulate the strategy they need to follow in the coming decade, Kheda district in Gujarat selected for a case study. On the basis of insights developed, the strategy needed to strengthen the cooperative credit structure is discussed in this paper. Selection I gives a brief review of the changes made for strengthening the cooperatives on the basis of the recommendations of various committees. Section II presents a brief performance review of cooperative credit in Kheda district and Section III the alternative strategies available to strengthen cooperative credit movement. The last is the concluding section. After the comprehensive analysis, the paper makes a radical suggestion of delinking agricultural credit from PACS and entrusting it to the DCCB. PACS may be encouraged to diversify to provide technological inputs with support in storage, processing and marketing to their members. The paper however, adds a word of caution. Merely divesting credit from the primary cooperative may not be an end in itself. Simultaneous efforts in professionalising banking at DCCB level and ability to prepare business plan at the primary level are important. Though not directly relevant, it is equally important that the cooperative law of India, mainly conceived and continuously amended keeping cooperative credit movement in view, needs to be thoroughly rehashed.

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Working Papers | 1992

Finance for Non-Farm Rural Activities

Gurdev Singh

Rural India supplies a number of non-farm products for consumption in local market, regional market or even international market. Their production is normally carried out in the decentralised sector. The raw materials are either locally produced or managed from outside. Marketing and financing are the two important functions recognised for the success of such activities. This paper gives a brief idea about the availability of institutional finance to this sector. It also reflects on the performance of 'Automatic Refinance Facility of NABARD for financing rural non-farm activities and suggests changes in the facility for providing necessary finance for the development of this important sector.

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Working Papers | 1992

Partial Issue Monotonicity

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we propose and characterize a class of new solutions to bargaining problems which uses a reference point and satisfies a property known as partial issue monotonicity.

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Working Papers | 1992

Strongly Fair Allocations in Economies with Production

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we show that essentially the only mechanism which is strongly fair in an economy with production is the equal income marginal cost pricing (EIMCP) mechanism. A variant of the analysis would prove that the only mechanism which guarantees strongly fair net trades is the marginal cost pricing (MCP) mechanism.

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Working Papers | 1992

Choosing The Right Mix: Market, State, and Institutions for Environmentally Sustainable Industrial Growth

Anil K. Gupta and Prakash Aseem

Efficiency, Growth and Exports are the main items on nation's economic agenda. There is some concern (perhaps not adequate) for developing Safety Nets for people hurt/left out by growth. Unfortunately environmental implications of industrial restructuring have not been given adequate attention. We present a framework to identify the appropriate policy response to make growth environmentally sustainable. We see no contradiction between growth and environment sustainability. There is a broad degree of consensus that the size of the cake needs to be expanded. The issue therefore is not to have growth or not. The issue is what kind of growth and what pace of growth. Environmental implications are contingent on the pace and kind of growth. Since environment sustainability and economic growth reinforce each other, we need to make environment as an explicit decision variable in the macro economic policy. Three policy measures i.e. market mechanism, state intervention, and institutional innovations can be used to enable firms to internalize externalities. We need to identify various mix of three options to deal with various kinds of externalities. The best policy response is one that internalize at lowest transaction cost. In Section one we present a typology of externalities. In Section two we relate the type of externality with the stage and causes of industrial growth. Externalities can rise not only at the firm stage (input and transformation) but also at the consumer stage (consumption and disposal). Growth at production can be due to increase in scale of operation, new technology, and increase in number of firms. Growth in consumption can be due to increase in per capital consumption, introduction of new products and new consumers entering the market. In Section Three we speculate upon the feasible policy choice given a mix of externalities, associated uncertainties and the measurability of the impact of the uncertainties.

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Working Papers | 1992

Seed Replacement Rate: Some Methodological Issues

Gurdev Singh and Asokan S R

Ideally seed should be replaced every year for hybrids and every three to four years for non-hybrids. However, in practice seed is replaced less often especially in case of open pollinated crops. As a consequence, seed replacement rates are lower than recommended for different crop varieties. As adequate information is not available on replacement schedules followed by farmers, how to compute actual replacement rates? One simple method is to take the ratio of quality seed of a crop produced during the year to the total seed needed to cover the entire area under the crop. This method does not consider the crop produce from F2, F3 and F4 generations distributed as seed among the fellow farmers. This paper presents an alternative model which considers such lateral distribution of seed from successive generations of a variety. The model gives more precise estimates of replacement rates for better planning of seed production activity and is thus named as "improved model".

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