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3819 items in total found

Working Papers | 1993

How Managers Kindle Learning Processes

Ramanarayan S and Nair K Unnikrishnan

Organizational learning occurs when the insights and learnings of individual organization members are transferred to the larger organizational system. This paper examines how senior managers create processes which enable this transfer to take place effectively. It presents an empirical study, conducted in seven major sub units of a large, national organization engaged in R&D and project management. The various dimensions of organizational learning are: developing clear focus on objectives and plans for internal integration; being sensitive to people potential and needs; generating concern for long term planning and success; supporting experimentation/creativity; scanning the environment; and generating triggers for change and attending to development of capabilities. The results suggest that organizational processes do bear a significant association to these learning dimensions. Hence, for managers with the vision of building learning organizations, the effective management of organizational processes become crucial for fostering learning. Managers adopting developmental or nurturant-task styles of leadership, proactive methods of conflict management, and having an explicit agenda of change and innovation contribute to organizational learning. Further, the study shows that learning organizations are also high performance organizations. Some of the important themes that emerge from the study are: the necessity for empowerment of organizational members to take up learning challenges; supportive, nurturant, and facilitating approach of managers towards unlearning and relearning; and the significance of team learning.

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Working Papers | 1993

Revealed Preference and Utilitarianism in Multiattribute Choice Problems

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we have investigated two related issues: (a) representability of a choice function: (b) characterization of a representable choice functions, namely the utilitarian choice function. Probably the most well-known representable choice function is the one due to Nash (1950), which is characterized by properties similar to those which characterize the utilitarian choice function, except that instead of shift invariance we have scale invariance for Nash's solution. Our proof of representability is simpler and easier to comprehend than most other proofs existing in the literature. Our characterization of the utilitarian choice function is both elegant and concise. The meaningfulness of the properties characterizing this solution, should enhance its appeal as a choice function.

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Working Papers | 1993

Creative Approaches in Advertising in India in the Early Nineties - What Criteria

Mokhopadhyay Sipra

The paper developed while exploring the anomaly that the best adjusted creatives are not necessarily the best performers, despite uniformity in other marketing inputs. It examines (1) current trends in creative approaches, how do these fit in with the existing typologies and exhibit a blend resulting from adaptation to local culture, (2) the criteria used for assessing a creative and the missing links. Findings indicate that image, execution and common touch are the most frequently used strategies. While judicious adaptation of creative helps, transplants can only work for a few low involvement product, consumption of which is not influenced by culture. A set of criteria must take into account market competition, state of the buyer, PLC, product and media characteristics. Successful creatives have ensured that the target audience is about to realise 'identity with self' likes the ad and feels involved.

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Working Papers | 1993

Developing and Sustaining Nontimber Forest Products: Some Policy Issues and Concerns with Special Reference to India

Tewari Devi D and Campbell J Y

This paper reviews the key policy questions related to non-timber forest products in the country. Finally, it suggests some guidelines for improvement in management of non-timber forest products.

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Working Papers | 1993

Improvement Sensitivity and Invariance of Solutions to Group Decision Making Problems with Claims

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we have developed a very general framework for studying group decision making problems with claims which subsumes the set of problems studies in axiomatic models of bargaining. Subsequently we proceed to establish the improvement sensitivity of some solutions defined on a smaller domain. We also extend an earlier framework for studying multicriteria group decision making problems to incorporate claims as an additional parameter for reference. We define the concept of an equilibrated state for such problems and show that a solution which chooses only equilibrated state for such problems and show that a solution which chooses only equilibrated state is of necessity invariant under monotone increasing transformations of the value functions of respective agents.

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Working Papers | 1993

An Analysis of Chipko: A Sociopolitical, Economic Cultural and Ecological View

Tewari Devi D and Ravindran V

This paper provides a new interpretation of the emergence of Chipko movement in Garahwal Himalayas. The new interpretation is in terms of changing cultural and material endowments of the region. Which finally produced a vibrant leadership concerned about the use of forest researches.

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Working Papers | 1993

Castor Oil Exports: A Promising Business

Tewari Devi D

This paper highlights the scope of increasing caster oil export business and discusses potential market areas.

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Working Papers | 1993

Public Systems Group: A Review of Research

S. Manikutty

This working paper gives a review of the work done in different fields of PSG over the years from 1975 to 1993. It consisted of two sections. Section I is the review itself which gives a flavour of the kind and variety of work done and explores where PSG could not move in its programme of research. Section II gives the summary of various books, monographs, working papers and published papers including doctoral dissertations done by students of PSG. These summaries are in eight sections: 1) Public Policy, Public Management and Policy Analysis 2) Population Management, Family Planning and Family Welfare 3) Health Management 4) Poverty Alleviation, Development Programmes, Decentralisation and Empowerment 5) Education 6) Energy 7) Transportation and 8) Miscellaneous.

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Working Papers | 1993

Nirmithi Kendra at Quilon: An Innovative

Sreekumar B

Nirmithi Kendra at Quilon is unique in many respects; its concept as well as its management practices are innovative. It was established with the objective of disseminating low cost housing technology. Nirmithi has influenced change peoples' notions about housing and has succeeded in sowing the seeds of low cost technolgoy in Kerala's housing field. It could demonstrate the viability of low cost technology which could reduce building costs by 30-40 percent. Viable Technology, Motivated leadership, strong patronage of the government, support from housing agencies and media publicity were crucial for its institutionalization. This paper discusses the activities and management practices of the Kendra, and examines challenges this innovative concept had to meet before it became institutionalized.

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Working Papers | 1993

Use of Family Planning During the First Year Postpartum in Ahmedabad, India

Dileep Mavalankar, Gray R H, and Trivedi C R

India's urban population taken together would rank as fifth largest country in the world. Dynamics of contraceptive use in this group during postpartum period is not well researched. This paper reports results of a sample survey of 1,100 women within one year of last delivery which was carried out in Ahmedabad, India during 1988. Use of contraception was low (19.5%) in this population, so was the desire for future use. Tubectomy and IUDs were the two most commonly used methods. Sterilization rates were high only among women with at least two sons and at least one daughter indicating substantial son preference. One third of the women did not want more children of which 60% were unprotected, while 43% were not sure of their reproductive goals of which 90% were unprotected. Among women at risk of conception 77% were not using any method of contraception. There are substantial socioeconomic differences between sterilised, users of spacing methods and non-users suggesting that access to contraception varies by class. The results indicate that substantial efforts will be required during antenatal and postpartum period to increase the contraceptive prevalence in this recently delivered group of mothers in urban India. A new strategy will have to be evolved to meet the need of contraception in this large group.

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