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Working Papers | 1994

Restructuring Rural Financial Institutions

Basu Shyamal K

This paper first identifies major proposals being considered now for restructuring rural financial institutions (RFIs). It then discusses main reasons which may have prompted these proposals. These are (1) inefficiencies of multi-agency approach, (2) dependency of RFIs, (3) autonomy of RFIs (in regard to reserve requirements, priority sector lending, loan appraisal, monitoring and recovery, and interest rates), and (4) explicit and implicit viability of RFIs. Various proposals are evaluated to find out whether they are suitable or not and if not, what alternatives are required to tackle the problems of RFIs. Based on this the paper shows that neither the upward revision in lending rates nor these restructuring proposals are required for improving viability of RFIs. An alternative proposal of restructuring RFIs is then suggested. This proposal discusses six strategic organizational principles of developing RFIs. These are (1) encouraging multiple institutions, (2) promoting appropriate forms of organization, (3) achieving vertically integrated organizational structure, (4) developing suitable density of field-offices, (5) enlarging reach or coverage of rural clients, and (6) accelerating diversified and multiple functions. Both systemic and procedural macro and micro innovations that stress the process aspect of institutional development are outlined. This restructuring proposal emphasizes the mission of decentralized institutional development of RFIs. Its vision is diversified, multiple and joint-products oriented rural banking that is autonomous but accountable. And it has a potential to make RFIs more viable and agricultural and rural growth-oriented.

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Working Papers | 1994

Can PHC System in India Deliver Emergency Obstetric Care? A Management Perspective on Safe Motherhood Programme

Dileep Mavalankar

India has an extensive network of hospitals and health centres with a large field staff in the government sector which has been providing primary health care. Of late this infrastructure has been effective in delivering immunization services to the community. The Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) programme envisages strengthening these infrastructures to provide Emergency Obstetric services (EOC) which is the heart of the Safe Motherhood initiative. This paper reviews the state of the PHC system in India from a management perspective to assess its capability to deliver effective EOC. We analyze the Strengths and Weaknesses of the PHC system and the Threats and Opportunities that the environment offers with regards to the development of an EOC facility. Following the strategic management frame work we analyze the safe motherhood program as it is currently planned. Analysis of CSSM program based on strategic management frame work shows that the programme has not planned to achieve congruence between Environment, Structure, Strategy and Processes. It is following a blueprint approach. This is likely to lead to sub-optimal performance. Major inputs are focusing on orientation training and supply of consumable only. Training mainly focuses on technical aspects neglecting the organizational and human aspects. The key management systems such as referral, supportive supervision, problem solving, skill-based training, participation, motivating and rewarding as well as monitoring are very weak in the government PHC system, which will hamper the effective implementation of safe motherhood programme. We suggest some management interventions based on strategic management framework which will support the Safe motherhood programme strategy and make it more effective.

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Working Papers | 1994

Estimation of Price Elasticity of Fertilizer Demand in India

Ravindra H. Dholakia and Majumdar Jagdip

The empirical evidence on the price elasticity of fertilizer demand in India is not conclusive. In order to properly estimate the likely impact of the policy changes affecting fertilizer prices on the fertilizer use and hence on the agricultural growth in the country, magnitude of the short-run and long-run price elasticity of fertilizer demand is essential. The present study attempts to estimate the elasticity coefficients by appropriately specifying the fertilizer demand function. Both static as well as dynamic models are considered. The fertilizer demand in India is found to be price inelastic in the short-run and even in the long-run. Our estimates based on a time series macro level data from 1966-67 to 1991-92 are corroborated by the findings of a recent survey carried out in U.P.

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Working Papers | 1994

Learning by Blundering Around Some Experiences in International Management

Singh J P

Based upon the experiences of American Companies operating abroad the paper focuses on the issue of learning in management. It shows that costly mistakes can be avoided by looking at the blunders committed by others. It also aims at generating information about similar cases in India.

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Working Papers | 1994

Political Processes in Grievance Resolution: Managing Meaning of Due Process in Organization

Varman Rahul

This paper studies the actual process of grievance resolution from a political perspective in one of the largest integrated public sector steel plants in India. Six grievances case were analyzed from a political perspective. It is found that sources of power of the key actors and the influence tactics they use on one-another finally determines whether the case is decided in favor or against the grievant. Resolution of a particular grievance is only an episode in the ongoing political processes in an organization. Moreover, a proper understanding of political behavior involved in grievance resolution requires analysis at two levels: one, the explicit-apparent behavior of the actors: and two, the implicit-underlying behavior, which lies beneath what is apparent and manifests itself as symbols.

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Working Papers | 1994

On the Existence and Efficiency of a Voting Equilibrium for a Public Good Economy

Lahiri Somdeb

The main purpose of this paper is to formalize the concept of a compromise function. Subsequently, given a compromise function, we define a voting equilibrium and prove the existence of such equilibrium. We further show in our analysis that under some assumptions a voting equilibrium is Pareto optimal. We also show that voting equilibrist is invariant under cost linearizing transformations of the original economy. Finally, we close our analysis by exhibiting an intimate relationship between voting equilibria and Nash equilibria in the case of private provision of public goods.

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Working Papers | 1994

Rationing and the Private Provision of a Public Good

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we study a solution concept for resource allocation in an economy with public goods and a fixed set of cost-shares for each agent. This solution is originally due to Champsaur (1979). We study the existence and some interesting properties of this solution.

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Working Papers | 1994

Group in Organizations

Bhatnagar Jyotsna and Singh J P

This note deals with the basics of Group Dynamics. It discusses the nature and types of groups in organization and elaborates on the need to study group behavior as well as why individuals join groups. The note also discusses the underlying processes in Group Behavior. Here the Interdependence between the group and the individual is discussed. The note also focuses on the distinction between what happens in a group (the content) and the way it happens (the process). It describes various stages of group development and discusses issues relating group structure and cohesiveness. The final section focuses on analysis of Group Interaction and the advantage and disadvantages of groups in organizational setting.

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Working Papers | 1994

The Conquest of Self? Intimacy and the Overcoming of Boundaries

Giri Ananta

The present paper looks at the changes taking place at present in the realm of intimacy and human sexuality in Europe and North America. The paper presents the description of such changes as offered by Anthony Giddens, an engaging sociologist of our times, in his recent book. The Transformation of Intimacy. It questions some of the assumptions that are taken for granted in the dominant discourse on this subject today such as the celebration of boundaries in the exploration and practice of intimacy, the delinking of sexuality from reproduction, and the irrelevance of the question of purity of purpose and intention in the work of so-called "pure relationship" where every one is free to enter and free to exit. The paper presents ethnographic work on American culture today, mainly on anti-abortion and pro-life movements, to argue that even in contemporary American society there are women who question the delinking of sexuality from motherhood and see in this devaluation the eclipse of the self-sacrificing aspect of culture itself. The paper argues that sexuality can itself be a field of "renewal of spirituality:" and intimacy can overcome boundaries rather than helplessly reproduce these.

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Working Papers | 1994

Indian Machine Tool Industry - Caught at the Cross Roads

M. R. Dixit

This paper reviews the development of the Indian machine tools industry since independence. It analyses the key capabilities and growth experiences of the industry in the domestic and international context. It presents the findings of field and mail surveys aimed at understanding the nature of competition, capabilities of the firms in the industry, and the involvement of the internal and external agencies in product and process developments. It concludes with the remark that the industry is at cross-roads. It is caught between increasing domestic competition and declining export competitiveness. It needs to build new capabilities.

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