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Working Papers | 2002

Impact of Format on retailers Brand:Its Threats, and Opportunities "A Theoretical Analysis"

Piyush Kumar Sinha

Historically, retailing was carried out in traditional store format, with minor non- store variation, like catalogue selling, direct sailing and telemarketing till the last decade of twentieth century. Even those non- store formats were restricted among fringe players, while big retail houses concentrated more on on-land business model. The last decade witnessed a wide metamorphosis in the retailing business. Propelled by growth in technological innovation, mainly World Wide Web the retail industry is evolving to serve the more convenience and value seeking shoppers. As a result, retailers are venturing into multi-format structure to deliver higher value proposition to the shoppers. But adoption of new formats brings with it opportunities, as well as, threats. The fall-out can be distinguished into three heads: 1) When a patron of the parent format switches occasionally or permanently to another format, even of the same retail brand, he/she seeks an altogether different value proposition. 2) While switching of format, the shopper carries to the new format the expectations, built on shopping experience and perceived brand image. If expectation are disconfirmed, shoppers engage in constructive processing that can result in revised brand image 3) As a consequence, retailers success (or failure) in synchronisation of delivering and communicating retail value proposition across formats, results into reinforcement (or distortion) of retailers brand image. The present article attempts to bring out the nature and dimensions of threats and opportunities faced by the retailers and its consequence in the light of the above mentioned issues. It is hypothesised that a retailer with multi-format system would need to define, design and deliver integrated values across the formats and there by creating consistent brand image.

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Working Papers | 2002

Soil Temperatures Regime at Ahmedabad

Girja Sharan and Jadhav Ratan

A 3-m deep temperature probe was installed at the campus of Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad in August, 1999. Probe has five resistance type device PT 100 sensors, mounted at 1-m interval. It was put in to the ground up to depth of 3-m. First sensor is at 3-m depth, second at 2-m depth, third at 1-m depth, fourth just 2 cm below the surface and the fifth 1-m above ground. Temperatures from all the sensors were noted one day on each month for a year. Readings were noted at hourly interval. In this paper, the results are presented. Motivation for this work was the need to know the diurnal and seasonal variation of temperature in deeper layers of soil in order to determine the level suitable for installation of earth tube heat exchangers.

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Working Papers | 2002

Estimating of Capacity of Escalators in London Underground

Paul Devis and Goutam Dutta

In this paper we discuss a deterministic model for computing the capacity of the escalator in London Underground. We develop this model from fundamental principles of engineering by separating the capacities of standing and walking side of the escalator. By collecting real world data, we find the accuracy of this capacity computation. We also develop a multiple regression model that considers the effect of rise of the escalator with the capacity. We discuss the technical and behavioural reasons for differences in capacities of two methods.

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Working Papers | 2002

Public Expenditure Accounatability in the Telecom Sector

Rekha Jain, G. Raghuram, and Venkataraman Krishnan

The telecom sector has seen much change during the past two decades. At first, it was the opening up of the equipment manufacturing sector, followed by the corporatisation of the government owned entities, Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL). Subsequently, the sector was opened for private participation in basic, cellular and other value added services. The most recent liberalization moves have been the corporatization of the Department of Telecom into Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and the privatisation of VSNL.

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Working Papers | 2002

Cluster Analysis of Himachal Tomato

Girja Sharan, T. Madhavan, and Rawale Kishore

A crate of Himachal tomato was obtained from Azad Mandi, Delhi. It contained 252 fruits. Each fruit was weighed and its axial dimension measured. Data of all 252 fruits was then subjected to cluster analysis, using weight and axial dimension separately as basis. The tool of Cluster Analysis enables us to divide the sample in groups that are relatively homogeneous in size on the basis of weight or axial dimensions, whichever is desired. Analysis also yields mass proportion of tomato contained in each group as also the number. The utility of cluster analysis lies in the fact that it can indicate how many homogenous groups can be made of a lot of ungraded produce in advance and what will be the physical characteristics of produce in each group. This will be useful to those designing size graders for tomato, other fruits and vegetables.

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Working Papers | 2002

Design of Greenhouse Irrigation System at Kothara

Girja Sharan and Jadhav Ratan

In this paper we present the details of fertigation system for greenhouse at Kothara (Kutch). Two separate alternatives--Drip and Sprinklers--have been examined.

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Working Papers | 2002

Segmenting Shoppers on their Behaviour

Piyush Kumar Sinha

A retail stores attracts shoppers who vary in their profiles. While some of them are serious shoppers, many of them are "visitors" to the stores. It is not possible for the store to differentiate its offerings to these segments. Classifying these shoppers on demographic and their orientation to shopping has been tried in the developed economies. However, it is felt that in an evolving market like India where shopping orientation are yet to be formed, one of the basis of understanding that shoppers could be their behaviour at the store because behavioural cues are factual data on which a retailer can develop its strategy. Through a study that involved participant observation of 284 shoppers conducted in Ahmedabad segment profiles have been developed. The shoppers were classified into 26 segments based on their behaviour. These segments have also been profiled on the basis of gender, store format and the type of product that they bought. The retail mix ingredients that could be used to deliver better value to each of the segments have been suggested. Based on the study a framework to understand shopper behaviour has been proposed.

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Working Papers | 2002

Measurement Issues in Comparing Fiscal Performance of States

Ravindra H. Dholakia

Interstate comparison of fiscal performance requires use of appropriate concepts and proper measurement of state income, fiscal deficit and debt. GSDP at market prices and a comprehensive concept of debt consistent with the fiscal deficit of a state government are the right concepts to use for the purpose. The rating agencies and the Finance Commissions have not used the right concepts so far. Illustrative estimates for Gujarat show that it can lead to misleading target setting and wrong perceptions about the fiscal performance of the states. CSO, RBI and the rating agencies have to ensure that right concepts are used in interstate comparison.

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Working Papers | 2002

E-governance for ESI Hospitals Costing of Medical Services at EsI Hospital, Bapunagar

K. V. Ramani

The Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) of India is one of the largest social security organizations providing medical insurance cover and delivering of medical care to 35 million beneficiaries through 140 hospitals and 1500 dispensaries. The objectives of this study are to understand the costing of medical care at ESI hospitals and suggest systems for e-governance to facilitate the coordination between ESIC, ESIS and the beneficiaries. Towards this, we selected a large ESI hospital, namely, the ESI General Hospital at Bapunagar, Ahmedabad and gained very useful insights about the systems currently in practice for offering medical benefits to the insured persons and their beneficiaries. This working paper brings out our detailed analysis of the working of ESI hospital, Bapunagar in delivering medical care under the ESI scheme.

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Working Papers | 2002

Women at the Workplace - The Journey of Three Generations of Women

Parikh Indira J and Engineer Mahrukh

"Women at the Workplace- The Journey of Three Generations of Women", is based on interviews conducted by the authors of a broad cross-section of women in leadership positions, middle management levels as well as women beginning their careers and those making a second start after some years of motherhood. Face to face interviews, each lasting several hours, with 32 women was the main source of information. In only 2 of these 32 cases, a questionnaire was employed. A broad framework was provided to the participants and used as a template for brainstorming. The persons early background, role models, dreams and aspirations, career achievements and the interplay between personal and professional lives was explored. The participants were asked to introspect and explore what success meant to them. A road map for the future for women in organizations was examined. The survey provided a fascinating insight into the minds and hearts of working women. Different women had different motives for working, different dreams and aspirations, different perceptions of the future, different support systems and different hurdles, however, there was also a deep rooted commonality. Looking beneath the surface many common themes and trends emerged for women with different backgrounds, different personality types and varied levels of education, seniority and experience. The human spirit wanted to achieve, to explore and to succeed - only the manifestation of this spirit was different in different cases. An equally strong parallel theme related to fulfillment beyond the realm of professional achievement was prevalent. An underlying need to fulfill maternal and societal roles was observed. The major challenge was to balance these seemingly contradictory aspirations and to achieve happiness. Paths traversed by these 32 women were different, each path equally valid for each person. However, these paths had many crossroads where each individual meets others and then continues on their own path. Till the next crossroad.

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