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Working Papers | 2015

Organisational Mechanisms for National Knowledge Network and Outcomes in the Institutes of Higher Education & Research: Moderating Role of Needs & Ecosystem

Manjari Singh and Rekha Jain

We have looked at the relationship between organisational processes/ mechanisms for development, adoption and implementation of national knowledge network in the institutes of higher education and research and the organisational and individual level outcomes in those institutes. Our findings, based on regression analysis in a quantitative study covering 112 faculty members from user institutes show strong support for a positive relationship between organisational processes/ mechanisms and organisational level outcomes as well as between organisational processes/ mechanisms and individual level outcomes. We also found that need for high bandwidth and advanced computing resources and ecosystem or support for NKN in the user institutes positively strengthens the relationship between organisational processes/ mechanisms for NKN and individual level outcomes.

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Working Papers | 2015

A Framework for Comparative Analysis of National
Knowledge Networks in UK and India

Rekha Jain and Manjari Singh

Recognizing that national competitiveness depends on the availability and quality of national Information and Communication Technology networks that support higher education (HE) and research, many countries have developed such infrastructure for their publicly funded HE and research institutes. The National Knowledge Network (NKN), India set up in 2009-10, and the Joint Academic Network (JANET), UK set up in 1984 are examples. These national knowledge networks are embedded within the larger context of HE and research institutions and ICT infrastructure in the country. For an emerging economy like India, effectiveness of NKN is important as resource availability for investment in such a network has to compete with other developmental priorities. A Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) was set up in 1993 with the objective of overseeing ICT in HE and research and managing JANET. In comparison to JANET, set up in 1984, NKN set up in 2009-10 is still at an early stage. However, it is an opportune time to review its effectiveness as it has a huge potential for all educational and research organizations in India. The evolution of JANET/JISC, not only in terms of the technical capability, but also its organizational form would be of importance to researchers and policy makers in India to formulate the implications for NKN. Towards this end, in this study we develop a framework for analysing elements that have contributed JANET/JISC to support HE and research. These include rationale, objectives, organizational structure and processes, funding, pricing, outcomes and review mechanisms. We also aim to suggest possible learning from this for NKN. This would have implications for other countries planning similar infrastructure

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Working Papers | 2015

A Bayesian Analysis of Racial Differences in Treatment
among Breast-cancer Patients

B. Nandram, Dhiman Bhadra, and Yiwei Liu

It is a well known fact that race and ethnicity specificc variations exist in the treatment and survival of cancer patients. Studies based on breast cancer patients admitted to community hospitals in U.S depicted that there is significant difference in patterns of care between black and white breast cancer patients with blacks receiving lower quality and quantity of care. In this study, we look at this problem from a different perspective, treating the hospitals as small areas, and employing Bayesian techniques for parameter estimation. Two separate models are constructed to estimate the odds ratio of receiving liver scan (a pattern of care) for blacks and whites. The first model uses hospital-specific information while the second one uses pooled hospital data by borrowing strength from neighbouring hospitals. We have used the non-central hyper-geometric distribution as the basis for constructing the likelihood while estimation has been carried out using the griddy Metropolis-Hastings sampler. We apply our methodology on a National Cancer Institute (NCI) database. Although our results corroborate some of the observations from previous studies, it proposes a computationally attractive alternative to the established procedures in formulating and analyzing this problem.

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Working Papers | 2015

Integrated Framework for Increasing the Effectiveness of Knowledge Networks: Roles of Network Providers and Users

Rekha Jain and Manjari Singh

The National Knowledge Network (NKN) was set up to enhance collaboration amongst higher education (HE) and research institutes. The government of India implemented the NKN to provide connectivity to nearly 5000 institutions, including publicly funded higher education and research institutes. The objective of this paper is to provide an integrated framework for increasing the effectiveness of knowledge networks. We do this by identifying the organizational mechanisms, key processes and competencies required to support HE and research institutes in India that would enable them to exploit the public high speed National Knowledge Network. We examine this from the perspective of Knowledge Network Provider and User Institutes.

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Working Papers | 2015

Relevance of Resource Based View Themes for Capability Evolution

Sunil Sharma

RBV implicitly assumes omnipotent nature for certain firms. These are the firms that can create rent generating capabilities anytime and therefore forever. While theoretically, it seems plausible, empirically it may remain a utopian imagery. This paper breaks free of such grandiose assumptions and proposes an evolutionary trajectory for idiosyncratic capabilities wherein capabilities evolve by interactive effects among industry participants. The concept of capability life cycle has been extended to include process dimensions through which change occurs. This paper extends concept of capability life cycle by suggesting dimensions of change under each phase.

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Working Papers | 2015

Multi-processor Exact Procedures for Regular Measures of the Multi-mode RCPSP

Dayal Madhukar and Sanjay Verma

The multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MM RCPSP) is an NP-hard problem representing a generalization of the well-studied RCPSP. Depth-first tree search approach by Sprecher & Drexl (1998) is the best-known exact solution tree search procedure for this problem. In this paper we modify an existing breadth-first algorithm for multiple processors. It is a computer-cluster implementation of the breadth-first procedure which improves the solution time taken for these problem instances.

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Working Papers | 2015

Innovation in Business Group Firms: Influence of Network Diversity

Anita Kerai and Sunil Sharma

Extant research on influence of ownership structure on innovation suggests a positive relationship between business group affiliation and innovation. While it is true that firms affiliated to business groups seem to benefit from availability of internal capital, determinants that influence the process of innovation have not been examined. This Paper aims to study the influence of network diversity on innovation for firms affiliated to a business group. We draw upon literature on resource based and principal-agency literature to study nature of knowledge exploration and exploitation by business group firms. We argue that network diversity impacts nature of innovation by business group firms.

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Working Papers | 2015

Linking Team Leaders' Human & Social Capital to their Team Members' Career Advancement

P. Malhotra and Manjari Singh

This paper looks at a conceptual model depicting the impact of high performing Team Leaders (TL) on their team members' career advancement. Certain inherent factors present in high performing TLs are not usually linked to either the development or the career advancement of the team members; however their presence ensures that there is a positive impact. For this study those factors were classified into two main categories-a) Human Capital and b) Social capital. Using Social Learning Theory, one can say that high performing TLs provide modelling stimuli based on live experiences to their team members. Social modelling and learning in this context can further be understood using Social Network Theory. This impact is positively moderated by the strength of the TL-team member dyads, which can be theoretically examined through Leader-Membership exchange and supervisory support.

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Working Papers | 2015

A Model for Internet Governance and Implications for India

Rekha Jain

The rising role of Internet in economic growth and social aspects has brought the significance of Internet Governance to the forefront. New paradigms of Internet Governance recognize the contribution and role of governments, private organizations, civil society and other communities. The borderless and distributed architecture of the Internet substantially differentiates Internet Governance from traditional governance, challenging the established dominant role of nation-states in policy-making. Access, human rights, privacy and standards have become important Internet Governance issues. This has led to an increasing role of nation states.

Many developed countries recommend multi-stakeholder approach where nation-states are only one of the many stakeholders that include private sector and other communities. India's position on Internet Governance recommends a multi-lateral approach which is at variance with emerging scenario globally. This has isolated India and created a negative signal for investment in the ICT sector.

The approach to deal with emergent issues in Internet Governance requires flexibility, ability to incorporate new technologies and international developments. Studies of Internet Governance have not systematically addressed the issue of design of responsive organizations or national systems for effective governance. This paper contributes by addressing this lacuna by:

i) Developing a conceptual model for Internet Governance based on both the underlying architecture of the Internet and a proposed framework for evaluating the perceived legitimacy of the adopted processes and

ii) Combining these two frameworks, we develop the Multi-Tier Open Participation approach for its application to India. This approach not only strengthens domestic Internet Governance, but also increases India's role in regional and international processes.

The study recognizes that Internet Governance principles for India should be in consonance with its democratic ethos and openness and dovetail with the inherent characteristics of the Internet, namely, openness, dynamism, and innovation.

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Working Papers | 2015

Strategic Judgment under Pervasive Uncertainty

Sunil Sharma

Strategic decision making under uncertainty has been typified as an uncertainty mitigation activity. However, this hypothesis breaks down under conditions of very high uncertainty as it demands judgment on the part of managers. Research on this topic is sparse. To decode the black box of judgment under very high uncertainty, this paper uses an unconventional qualitative technique of examining managerial judgment under four anticipation-outcome scenarios. The findings suggest that judgment in a confirmatory scenario is influenced by internal factors such as organizational capabilities. In contrast, judgment in a contradictory scenario is influenced by external factors such as strategy of competitors.

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