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Journal Articles | 2024

CEO's temporal orientation and entrepreneurial orientation of firm: The contingent effects of environmental characteristics

Saikat Banerjee Amit Karna Sunil Sharma Vishal K. Gupta

Extending upper echelon theory perspective, the paper extends the past research literatures on the effects of CEO characteristics in determining strategic choices of firms, and examines the effects of CEO's temporal orientation on entrepreneurial orientation of firms. Moreover, examining the contingent effects of environmental munificence, complexity, and dynamism in the U-shaped relationship between CEO's temporal orientation and entrepreneurial orientation of firm contributes to the understanding of the boundary conditions and determines the strength of the relationship between CEO's temporal orientation and EO of firm. We test our hypotheses using panel data analysis of Indian firms during 2007–2016.

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Journal Articles | 2024

Addressing grand challenges through the bottom-up marketing approach: Lessons from subsistence marketplaces and marketplace literacy

Madhu Viswanathan, Arun Srikumar, Srinivas Sridharan, Gaurav R. Sinha

We present a bottom-up marketing approach as a pathway to addressing the grand challenge of poverty and inequality for the marketing discipline. We derive this approach from the research stream on radically different contexts of subsistence marketplaces. Research on subsistence marketplaces has typically explored micro-level phenomena but also traversed upward and explained aggregate phenomena at higher levels. We present a conceptual framework to encapsulate general and granular elements of the bottom-up marketing approach. Study 1 demonstrates general elements of the framework through a retrospective examination of the global diffusion of a marketplace literacy program. Study 2 demonstrates the more granular elements of the framework through a qualitative analysis of five case studies of social enterprise start-ups. Though presenting a complementary counter-perspective to conventional thinking, we embed the process of interweaving the bottom-up with the macro level to present an actionable approach. We conclude with insights for marketing research and practice.

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Journal Articles | 2024

Opening First-Party App Resources: Empirical Evidence of Free-Riding

Franck Soh , Pankaj Setia, Varun Grover

Platform owners are releasing their own apps on their platforms. These first-party apps (FPAs) typically leverage platform resources more effectively, competitively threatening rivals. Although the impact of FPAs on rivals’ innovation has been the subject of extensive study, the dominant view in previous research assumes that these FPAs are closed to third-party apps (TPAs). However, there is an increasing trend of FPAs opening their resources to TPAs, as they provide application programming interfaces (APIs) allowing TPAs to access their resources. Rivals still exist, as many TPAs choose not to have access to FPAs’ open resources because of their limited control over these resources. Does opening an FPA’s resources impact rivals’ innovation? The answer to the question is largely unknown. We exploit the release of the Apple Health Records API, a feature that opens Apple Health Records to TPAs, to design a quasi-experiment that investigates whether and how opening an FPA’s resources influence rivals’ innovations. Through several analyses, we conclude that opening an FPA’s resources to TPAs generates free-riding benefits for rivals. Moreover, these benefits mainly arise because of the growing presence of TPAs that do not adopt FPAs’ open resources in the market. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications of our findings.

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Journal Articles | 2024

Creating ‘safe’ spaces through exclusionary boundaries: Examining employers’ treatment of domestic workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in India

Vaibhavi Kulkarni, Namita Gupta, and Arohi Panicker

Our study illustrates how boundary mechanisms exacerbated the marginalization of paid domestic workers in India, after they resumed their employment at the end of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. We draw upon in-depth interviews with the middle-class employers of these workers to show how the employers renegotiated boundary rules and created bubbles of safe interaction for themselves. We contribute to boundary theory by explaining how pre-existing symbolic boundaries intensify and materialize into social boundaries. Social boundaries often result in unequal access to resources, further increasing disparities. But how do these boundaries get invoked? What forms do they take? So far, we do not have enough empirical research examining the creation and maintenance of social boundaries. This study shows how social boundaries get created and stabilized within gated communities through deployment of material resources, regulations and routinization of boundary tactics. These exclusionary social boundaries are further strengthened by the presence of an external agency, emerging as a new and significant actor in the hitherto private employer–worker relationship. Finally, we note that these boundaries result in normalized differential treatment of domestic workers, thus accentuating the class divide.

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Journal Articles | 2024

India's pathway to net zero by 2070: Status, challenges, and way forward

Vaibhav Chaturvedi Arunabha Ghosh Amit Garg Vidhee Avashia Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan Dipti Gupta Nilesh Kumar Sinha Chandra Bhushan Srestha Banerjee Divya Datt Juhi Bansal Minal Pathak Subash Dhar Ajeet Kumar Singh Nayeem Khan Rajani Ranjan Rashmi Sh

The announcement of India’s 2070 net-zero target has demonstrated the power of a credible policy signal and changed the course of India’s climate debate. While the Government of India (GoI) has not specified whether this target refers to carbon-dioxide or all greenhouse gases, the announcement has been a watershed moment in India’s climate policy. From questions related to whether and at what pace should India decarbonize its economy, various actors in India are now aligned towards this target. An important contribution to inform India’s net-zero journey has come through various modelling assessments undertaken by India’s institutions and researchers. While a few economy-wide net-zero modelling assessments are available, a comprehensive and integrated picture woven collaboratively by India’s climate experts is conspicuously missing. It is critical to complement quantitative modelling-based assessments with insightful perspectives of experts on India’s climate policy. Together, modelling based quantitative assessments and insightful qualitative perspectives of climate experts would be an instrumental force that will ensure that the country achieves its net-zero target by understanding synergies and trade-offs, harnessing opportunities, and avoiding risks along the way. This collaborative article discusses various aspects of pathways towards India’s net-zero goal to address the gap in literature by looking at broad and inter-related dimensions of ‘national and sub-national perspectives’, ‘sectoral and technological transitions’, and ‘enablers’ needed for India’s transition. While the larger net-zero debate relates to all greenhouse gases, we focus on carbon dioxide in our current effort. The assessment aims to inform not just India’s policy makers and stakeholders, but various researchers, practitioners and governments around the world for them to be better aware of the various aspects of India’s net-zero debate. It weaves the perspectives of experts from 24 institutions across the three broad dimensions to give a comprehensive view of a roadmap towards India’s net-zero future.

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Journal Articles | 2024

Dynamic managerial capabilities: A critical synthesis and future directions

Somnath Baishya, Amit Karna, Diptiranjan Mahapatra, Satish Kumar, Debmalya Mukherjee

The literature on dynamic managerial capabilities (DMCs) has grown considerably and has evolved over the past two decades. Helfat and Martin (2015) reviewed this literature, which helped clarify the nomological network surrounding DMCs while synthesizing the empirical literature related to its impact on strategic change and firm performance. In this paper, we build on their work by applying bibliometric techniques to trace the evolution of this multidisciplinary construct. The analysis of 33 key journals and 188 articles spanning more than three decades (1989–2023) comprises distinct time periods and longitudinal trends that support meaningful visual representations of the bibliographic data. The findings reveal seven foundational themes for DMC research: upper echelons, cognitive biases, cognitive strategic groups, capability configurations, issue interpretation, individual & group characteristics, and market & network orientation. We also extend the DMC framework of Helfat & Martin (2015) by including political capital as the fourth underpinning. On the basis of the temporal and topic trend analysis, we conclude with recommendations for further research avenues that can shed light on the future of DMC literature. We also highlight practical implications for practicing managers and firms to strengthen competitive differentiation by building and leveraging DMCs.

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Journal Articles | 2024

Changing dynamics of secondhand tractor markets in Punjab: An institutional innovation perspective

Sukhpal Singh

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Journal Articles | 2024

The consequences of universal basic income

Mohsen Mohaghegh

Universal Basic Income (UBI) has gained attention in both academic and policy circles. However, its implications are not fully understood. This paper develops a general equilibrium model with uninsured income risks to examine such implications. Multiple policy alternatives are considered under both deficit-expanding and deficit-neutral structures. If the UBI policy is not financed through additional taxation, its impact on measures of inequality is unclear. The consumption and income inequality decrease while wealth inequality rises. Deficit-neutral UBIs resolve this ambiguity as the higher marginal tax rates prevent the wealth inequality from rising, which leads to a more equal distribution of consumption and income. However, the aggregate effects are amplified. The income tax must be as high as 80% of the output to keep the deficit from expanding. The interest rate rises, and the output and capital-to-output ratio sharply fall as the precautionary saving motives are weakened.

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Working Papers | 2024

Comparative analysis of sustainability related disclosure frameworks: SFDR, IFC PS, and BRSR

Amit Garg, Kruti Upadhyay, Sanjay Kumar Jain

This study is an attempt to compare and contrast the existing sustainability-related frameworks – Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulations (SFDR) introduced by the European Union, Business responsibility and sustainability reporting (BRSR) introduced by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and the International Finance Corporation Performance Standards (IFC PS) developed by the International Finance Corporation. The content analysis method has been employed to gain an in-depth understanding of the indicators included in these frameworks. Our key findings suggest that SFDR is the most comprehensive of the three frameworks considered. The BRSR framework stops at the disclosures related to the business itself. However, the IFC PS is the most adaptable as compared to the other two frameworks considered for this study.

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Working Papers | 2024

Trademark Proprietor’s “Moral Right” as an Exception to the Doctrine of Exhaustion of Rights in Trademarks

Sahana Simha and M P Ram Mohan

Trademark law is primarily viewed as a consumer protection law. Proprietary and consumer interests are not always balanced. This is especially evident in the doctrine of exhaustion of rights in trademarks, where the trademark owner loses control over the further distribution of their trademarked product once sold. Existing statutory exceptions to this doctrine allow the proprietor to take action against resellers only when the product has been impaired or changed. The exceptions do not account for harm or damage to the reputation and goodwill associated with a trademark as a ground to override exhaustion. This paper analyses legislative and judicial decisions regarding exceptions to exhaustion under Indian trademark law, with a comparative examination of rulings from the US and EU jurisdictions. We then highlight the theoretical differences between trademark and copyright law, exploring moral rights in copyright law and the anti-dilution theory of trademarks. In doing so, we examine the feasibility of expanding exceptions to the doctrine of exhaustion to include proprietary concerns, in addition to consumer and market considerations.

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