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3893 items in total found

Journal Articles | 2017

Heterogeneity of imported intermediate inputs and labour: Evidence from India’s input tariff liberalization

Shruti Sharma

Applied Economics

This article explores whether the nature of imports matters when examining the effects of trade on plant-level labour outcomes. Previous literature that examines this question mainly considers imported intermediate inputs as a homogenous group and is unable to reach a consensus on the effects of input tariff liberalization on employment and wages of skilled and unskilled workers. Exploiting detailed product-level information available on intermediate inputs from plant-level data for the Indian manufacturing sector, I distinguish between plants that import mainly for quality considerations as opposed to plants that seek imports as cheaper alternatives to domestic inputs. I find that strong complementarities exist between skilled workers and imported inputs for plants importing high-quality inputs. For plants importing intermediate inputs mainly as a cost-cutting strategy, input tariff liberalization leads to an increase in employment of both skilled and unskilled workers, but a decline in skill composition. This can best be explained as a strategy that achieves economies of scale. On average, as input tariffs liberalize, importing plants employ more workers and pay higher wages than non-importing plants.

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Journal Articles | 2017

Measurement error in astronomy

Tathagata Banerjee and Surupa Roy

Wiley Stats Ref: Statistics Reference Online

Measurement error is ubiquitous in astronomy. In the astronomical literature, discussion on measurement error problems is almost entirely confined to linear regression. We introduce a linear regression measurement error model (LRMM) highlighting the distinguishing features of the model and the data that typically arise in astronomy. Standard methods, proposed in the statistics literature for tackling measurement error problems in regression analysis, are not useful for the analysis of astronomical data. We briefly discuss the methods, and their appropriateness, commonly used by the astronomers for analysis of data using LRMM. A short discussion, on their relative performances based on the available numerical studies, is given. We conclude with some remarks on data characteristics typical to astronomical data and on an emerging measurement error problem in astronomy.

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Journal Articles | 2017

Effects of non-conformity on perceived status and competence: Examining the moderating role of physical attractiveness

Biswajida Parida and Vishal Gupta

Psychological Studies

The present study attempts to examine how people perceive non-conforming behaviour and what do they infer about subjects who demonstrate non-conformity. Interviews were conducted to determine the operational definition and perception about non-conformity. Analysis of the interviews revealed that non-conformity is attributed to not abiding by the rules that have been defined or laid out by an authority in a particular context. Scenario-based experiments were conducted, and the obtained data were analysed to reach a conclusion regarding observers’ perception about non-conforming individuals in a collectivist culture. The results showed that non-conforming behaviour leads to a negative inference about status and competence. Also, we found that the attractiveness of non-conforming individuals does not lessen the negative inferences derived by the observers in a collectivist culture. The findings can be extended to devise several communication and signalling strategies to influence the mass behaviour in a collectivist culture, like India. The study provides us insights about achieving social objectives as well as driving behavioural change in a collectivist context.

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Journal Articles | 2017

The relationships between leadership, work engagement and employee innovative performance: empirical evidence from the Indian R&D context

Vishal Gupta, Shailendra Singh, and Abhijit Bhattacharya

International Journal of Innovation Management

Integrating the behavioural theory of leadership with job demands–resources theory of engagement, the present study examines the process through which leadership impact R&D professionals’ innovative work behaviours and innovative performance (measured through peer-reviewed journal papers, patents, PhDs guided and keynote addresses delivered). Data from 467 scientists working in India’s largest civilian R&D organisation were collected and analysed using structural equation modelling. The study found that work engagement was positively related to innovative work behaviours as well as innovative performance. Leader behaviours had significant indirect effects on innovative work behaviours as well as innovative performance via work engagement. While the total effect of leadership on innovative work behaviours, the total effect was non-significant for innovative performance. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

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Journal Articles | 2017

Replicating small farms, prosperous farmers in India: Lessons for policy and practice

Sukhpal Singh

Journal of Agribusiness Marketing

Small farm and small farmer viability has been a constant policy concern in India given its smallholder-dominated agriculture. Though there are different definitions of small farm in the literature, depending on local context, the term “smallholder” is a relative one in that it refers to the limited resource endowments of such farmers relative to those of other farmers in the sector in each local context. The Indian small farmers are in a state of agrarian distress, and the farmers’ quest for earning enough from a small farm continues. It is in this context of academic and policy discourse that this article makes evidence-based policy and practical recommendations for replicating the Small Farmer, Prosperous Farmer (SFPF) models of agricultural development in India based on empirical case studies of 35 small (who were just 2 hectares or smaller farm operators) and prosperous farmers (earning at least one lakh (0.1 million)Indian rupees per acre per year) across three states of India— Punjab, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. Major objectives of the study carried out in 2012 were as follows: document profiles of SFPFs in terms of their resources, costs, and profits; provide evidence of success (in terms of net income and prosperity) given small holdings; identify major factors in prosperity/success—personal, institutional, and social; and understand the role of policy and business environment, if any; and infer on possibilities of replicability of SFPF success given the other contextual factors in other regions. The study identifies sources of success and policy relevance of such factors for making inclusive agricultural development possible.

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Journal Articles | 2017

From well-heeled to tip-toed, shoe-shine to shoe-lace: Monopolistic Competition and Product Differentiation in Men's Footwear

Vishal Kumar and Satish Y. Deodhar

International Review of Business and Economics

For many decades, the only branded footwear Indians knew was Bata. After years of economic liberalization; however, one finds many local, national, and international firms jostling for customer attention by producing various types of branded footwear. In fact, India has now emerged as the second largest producer of footwear in the world. The Indian footwear market can be described today as a stylized case of a monopolistically competitive market. In this study, we focus our attention on men’s formal shoes which are differentiated by variations in many attributes such as heel, toes, colour, surface, laces, buckles and brands. Invoking hedonic price analysis and bid and offer curves of the customers and firms respectively, shoe prices are viewed as the sum total of the valuation of each of these attributes. The relative valuation is estimated by regressing market prices of shoes on its binary variable attributes. Analysis shows that shoes made of leather, shiny surface, buckles, laces, and brands carry a premium; and, differentiation based on colour, pointed toes, high heels, and texture is not important. In a highly competitive market, such data driven studies can provide pointers to firms in altering existing shoe models and successfully launching newer ones.

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Journal Articles | 2017

Sentiment analysis of financial news articles using performance indicators

Srikumar Krishnamoorthy

Knowledge and Information Systems

Mining financial text documents and understanding the sentiments of individual investors, institutions and markets is an important and challenging problem in the literature. Current approaches to mine sentiments from financial texts largely rely on domain-specific dictionaries. However, dictionary-based methods often fail to accurately predict the polarity of financial texts. This paper aims to improve the state-of-the-art and introduces a novel sentiment analysis approach that employs the concept of financial and non-financial performance indicators. It presents an association rule mining-based hierarchical sentiment classifier model to predict the polarity of financial texts as positive, neutral or negative. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated on a benchmark financial dataset. The model is also compared against other state-of-the-art dictionary and machine learning-based approaches and the results are found to be quite promising. The novel use of performance indicators for financial sentiment analysis offers interesting and useful insights.

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Journal Articles | 2017

HMiner: Efficiently mining high utility itemsets

Srikumar Krishnamoorthy

Expert Systems with Applications

High utility itemset mining problem uses the notion of utilities to discover interesting and actionable patterns. Several data structures and heuristic methods have been proposed in the literature to efficiently mine high utility itemsets. This paper advances the state-of-the-art and presents HMiner, a high utility itemset mining method. HMiner utilizes a few novel ideas and presents a compact utility list and virtual hyperlink data structure for storing itemset information. It also makes use of several pruning strategies for efficiently mining high utility itemsets. The proposed ideas were evaluated on a set of benchmark sparse and dense datasets. The execution time improvements ranged from a modest thirty percent to three orders of magnitude across several benchmark datasets. The memory consumption requirements also showed up to an order of magnitude improvement over the state-of-the-art methods. In general, HMiner was found to work well in the dense regions of both sparse and dense benchmark datasets.

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Journal Articles | 2017

Competition and Intellectual Property Policies in the Indian pharmaceutical sector

Shamim S. Mondal and Viswanath Pingali

Vikalpa

Journal Articles | 2017

The essence of downsizing: A review of literature

Prantika Ray and Sunil Kumar Maheshwari

The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations

The process of downsizing has often been considered as a onetime activity that is disconnected from the processes and the outcomes associated with the activity. Since the strategies, organizational, industrial and environmental characteristics play a crucial role in determining the success and/or failure of the downsizing process, a piece-meal approach to the research on downsizing is not enough. This paper thus presents a holistic view of the downsizing process where the dynamics that ensue during the downsizing are elucidated in a framework. This paper further discusses certain implications for practitioners and provides scope for future research for the researchers.

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