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2774 items in total found

Working Papers | 2015

Innovation in Business Group Firms: Influence of Network Diversity

Anita Kerai and Sunil Sharma

Extant research on influence of ownership structure on innovation suggests a positive relationship between business group affiliation and innovation. While it is true that firms affiliated to business groups seem to benefit from availability of internal capital, determinants that influence the process of innovation have not been examined. This Paper aims to study the influence of network diversity on innovation for firms affiliated to a business group. We draw upon literature on resource based and principal-agency literature to study nature of knowledge exploration and exploitation by business group firms. We argue that network diversity impacts nature of innovation by business group firms.

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Working Papers | 2015

Multi-processor Exact Procedures for Regular Measures of the Multi-mode RCPSP

Dayal Madhukar and Sanjay Verma

The multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MM RCPSP) is an NP-hard problem representing a generalization of the well-studied RCPSP. Depth-first tree search approach by Sprecher & Drexl (1998) is the best-known exact solution tree search procedure for this problem. In this paper we modify an existing breadth-first algorithm for multiple processors. It is a computer-cluster implementation of the breadth-first procedure which improves the solution time taken for these problem instances.

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Working Papers | 2015

Linking Team Leaders' Human & Social Capital to their Team Members' Career Advancement

P. Malhotra and Manjari Singh

This paper looks at a conceptual model depicting the impact of high performing Team Leaders (TL) on their team members' career advancement. Certain inherent factors present in high performing TLs are not usually linked to either the development or the career advancement of the team members; however their presence ensures that there is a positive impact. For this study those factors were classified into two main categories-a) Human Capital and b) Social capital. Using Social Learning Theory, one can say that high performing TLs provide modelling stimuli based on live experiences to their team members. Social modelling and learning in this context can further be understood using Social Network Theory. This impact is positively moderated by the strength of the TL-team member dyads, which can be theoretically examined through Leader-Membership exchange and supervisory support.

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Working Papers | 2015

A Model for Internet Governance and Implications for India

Rekha Jain

The rising role of Internet in economic growth and social aspects has brought the significance of Internet Governance to the forefront. New paradigms of Internet Governance recognize the contribution and role of governments, private organizations, civil society and other communities. The borderless and distributed architecture of the Internet substantially differentiates Internet Governance from traditional governance, challenging the established dominant role of nation-states in policy-making. Access, human rights, privacy and standards have become important Internet Governance issues. This has led to an increasing role of nation states.

Many developed countries recommend multi-stakeholder approach where nation-states are only one of the many stakeholders that include private sector and other communities. India's position on Internet Governance recommends a multi-lateral approach which is at variance with emerging scenario globally. This has isolated India and created a negative signal for investment in the ICT sector.

The approach to deal with emergent issues in Internet Governance requires flexibility, ability to incorporate new technologies and international developments. Studies of Internet Governance have not systematically addressed the issue of design of responsive organizations or national systems for effective governance. This paper contributes by addressing this lacuna by:

i) Developing a conceptual model for Internet Governance based on both the underlying architecture of the Internet and a proposed framework for evaluating the perceived legitimacy of the adopted processes and

ii) Combining these two frameworks, we develop the Multi-Tier Open Participation approach for its application to India. This approach not only strengthens domestic Internet Governance, but also increases India's role in regional and international processes.

The study recognizes that Internet Governance principles for India should be in consonance with its democratic ethos and openness and dovetail with the inherent characteristics of the Internet, namely, openness, dynamism, and innovation.

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Working Papers | 2015

Lessons of Reforms of the Telecom Sector

Rekha Jain and G. Raghuram

The telecommunications sector has emerged as one of the key sectors that have put the Indian economy on a revival path. Proactive policies such as opening up the sector to private players and competition, unbundling the policy, regulatory and operational roles of the government, removal of restrictions on foreign investments coupled with viewing reforms as a continuous process created an environment conducive to growth. These reforms enabled induction of new technologies.
In this paper, we examine the lessons of reforms of the Indian telecom sector. We first examine where the sector is in terms of its impact on service provision and to the economy in relation to the past. Then we outline the sector structure examining the role and relationships of different players. Next, we provide the roadmap of reforms carried out over two decades. From this, we abstract the enabling principles that drove the reform process and bring out lessons for other infrastructure sectors.

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Working Papers | 2015

Strategic Judgment under Pervasive Uncertainty

Sunil Sharma

Strategic decision making under uncertainty has been typified as an uncertainty mitigation activity. However, this hypothesis breaks down under conditions of very high uncertainty as it demands judgment on the part of managers. Research on this topic is sparse. To decode the black box of judgment under very high uncertainty, this paper uses an unconventional qualitative technique of examining managerial judgment under four anticipation-outcome scenarios. The findings suggest that judgment in a confirmatory scenario is influenced by internal factors such as organizational capabilities. In contrast, judgment in a contradictory scenario is influenced by external factors such as strategy of competitors.

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Working Papers | 2015

Decoding Response Uncertainty

Sunil Sharma

Response uncertainty defined as not knowing how to respond to a known event has been identified as the major uncertainty faced by decision makers, especially where organizatioal action is unavoidable. However, a granular understanding of response uncertainty is missing in the existing literature. This paper contributes to the uncertainty literature by providing a granular understanding of response uncertainty. It identifies focus, stance, and selection as three types of 'response uncertainties'. To overcome these uncertainties, firms develop 'configurational capability' to identify target area, 'positioning capability' to position themselves with respect to competitors, and 'causal-logic capability' to establish routines to identify solution for a given problem.

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Working Papers | 2015

Will you buy if others touch it? Evaluation of products touched by others during shopping

Abhishek

Research on multisensory nature of consumption has highlighted importance of smell, taste, and touch during product evaluation and subsequent purchase decisions. While sensory cues have a role to play in evaluation of products and services, their actual effects gets swayed by presence of other situational contexts which can substantially enhance the ability to explain and understand consumer-behavioural acts. One of the important situational context - social surroundings - has not been examined in detail for studies related to touch. Two previous studies have defined social surrounding in terms of presence/absence of unknown shopper. However, in many situations, the shopping activity is accompanied by family members or friends. Also, presence of salesperson acts as an important constituent of social surroundings. Any analysis of social surrounding is incomplete if it does not look into role of salespersons and known co-shoppers as part of social surroundings which influence shopping process. In this paper, it is proposed that social surrounding, as defined by presence of salespersons and known co-shoppers, has a role to play in haptic evaluation of products.

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Working Papers | 2015

Selective Perceptions and Group Brainstorming: An Investigation of Auditors' Fraud Risk Assessment

Naman Desai and Vishal Gupta

Individuals in an organizational context are routinely faced with complex problems that are not well defined and that challenge their cognitive capacities. To deal with such complex issues, decision-makers construct "belief-structures" which in turn create selective perceptions about information and events that prevent them from being overwhelmed by the amount and complexity of information. This study examines the impact of two important contextual variables; pressures and opportunities on auditors' selective perceptions and fraud risk assessments. Research suggests that a situation relevant concept, norm, perspective, or cognitive process that is shared by a majority of the group members, will be exaggerated in a group setting where groups are trying to accomplish a task that does not have a normatively/demonstrably correct answer. In an audit setting, typically there are no normatively correct answers related to the weighting of different levels of pressures and opportunities while assessing fraud risk. Therefore we also examine how individual auditors' selective perceptions affect group decisions. The results indicate that observed differences in individual auditors fraud risk assessments were significantly accentuated during group brainstorming. Thus, our findings suggest that, group brainstorming instead of reducing the influence of contextual characteristics on selective perception, actually accentuates that effect.

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Working Papers | 2015

Are Investors Ethics Agnostic?

Saravana Jaikumar, Viswanath Pingali, and Vineet Virmani

In this paper we ask if the perception investors have regarding ethical nature of the management per se influences their action. In order to check for rent seeking behaviour that could arise when there is negative perception regarding ethics, we look a single company's management whose actions-though not related to the performance of the company-have led to doubts regarding its ethical nature. Using event study mechanism, we find that when the action leads to a positive outcome for the company, the investors' reaction is statistically insignificant. However, when another action did not lead to any potential positive outcome, the abnormal returns associated with the company's stock are negative and significant. Therefore, it is possible that unethical practices, even if unrelated to company's performance, lead to lesser trust regarding the company, thereby reducing the stock prices, which suggests rent seeking behaviour.

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