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2768 items in total found

Working Papers | 1982

Sugarbeet Cultivation in India

Gurdev Singh and Guleria Amar

This Working Paper is a part of the project on 'Economic and Management Aspects of Sugar Production from Sugar beet' sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, to the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. The scope of this paper is restricted to cultivation of sugar beet. After giving a brief account of achievements in sugar beet cultivation in Sri Ganganagar, we have presented a depth study of 49 cultivators (growers, dropouts and non-adopters). The various aspects covered include awareness, adoption and diffusion of sugar beet cultivation among the sample farmers, actual and recommended cultivation practices, and cultivators' experience in beet cultivation, comparative profitability of beet and other crops, and implications for its spread in North India. The study highlighted various issues related to the adoption and spread of beet cultivation and identified certain constraints. The comparative economics of bet has established its superiority over other important crops of the area. Its, adoption in other areas, however, would depend on the nature of incentives and infrastructural arrangements for easy and quick disposal.

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Working Papers | 1982

Seasonality, Stratification and Staying on Process in Semi-Arid Regions

Anil K. Gupta

The differences in homeostatic ability of various sections of the society influencing their risk adjustment capacity in drought prone regions seem to explain why more people stay on than why few people migrate out. In this paper, a framework for analysis of the problem of rural population retention in dry, semi-arid regions is presented from the point of view of seasonality and stratification. It is suggested that the land transfer process leading to immeserization in some places is considerably influenced by the ecological context which determines the extent to which seasonal stresses constrain various decision making options for investment, employment or migration. Tentative evidence from Haryana and Maharashtra has been presented to hypothesize a conceptual framework for analyzing staying on process in such regions. The drought prone regions deserve a serious attention from policy planners particularly with reference to the development of non-farm enterprises like livestock and craft activities so that the problem of migration can be effectively tackled. The role of public works, formal financial intermediation and other intervention in influencing stratification and staying on process is also discussed.

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Working Papers | 1982

External Aid and Development Strategy in Rajasthan

Khanna Inderjit

Over the past decade it has been observed that state governments are being drawn towards externally aided projects. The lure seems to be of additional funds to supplement state financial resources. This study looks at the impact of 11 such externally aided projects in Rajasthan. On the point of additional financial resources it is found that the state had little to gain from such projects since during the period 1974-81, the state spent Rs. 153.62 crores on such projects whereas it received only Rs. 22 crores as additional assistance. A portion of the aid is retained by the central government and the terms on which it is passed on to the state government are more severe as compared to the terms on which aid is received by the central government. Therefore, the debt burden of the state is considerable. The pre-emption of funds for aided projects has also resulted in drastic cuts in outlays of other sectors thus slowing down activities therein. It has also increased regional disparities by increasing the gap between districts where such projects existed and those which have not been amongst the fortunate few. In sum, externally aided projects have brought little financial benefit to the state. In fact, by reducing the pace of development in non-aided sectors and by increasing, instead of reducing, regional disparities they are creating more problems for the future.

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Working Papers | 1982

Learning from Antyodaya: Some Lessons for IRDP

Khanna Inderjit

The Antyodaya programme was launched by the Rajasthan government to improve the socio economic well being of the 'last man' in 1977. Benefits were to be first extended to the poorest families in all of the villages in the state. In two years, nearly two lakh families were assisted by the programme after two rounds of implementation. Pension, land self employment and wage employment were the benefits offered. There were several positive changes in the implementation of the programme in terms of proper identification of beneficiaries and ensuring the availability of credit. On the basis of observations in other studies and in the authors' own case study, it is suggested that the Antyodaya programme's objective changed implicitly from one of raising the income level of the beneficiaries to that of distributing benefits. This is perhaps due to the overload of the programme in terms of the activities and functions. Before initiating a programme, it is, therefore, essential that careful consideration be given to the strengths and limitations of the implementing organisation. Thus, in designing anti poverty programmes such as Antyodaya and IRDP, means of providing a range of services-from distribution of benefits to 'after care' advice and support-will have to be assessed and measures taken to overcome the limitations. Otherwise, the programme may pursue short term targets and lose sight of the main objective.

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Working Papers | 1982

Agricultural Mechanization in Gujarat

Girja Sharan

The growth of agricultural implements used in Gujarat was examined on the basis of Livestock Census data of 1951, 56, 61, 66, 72. The total power now available on Gujarat farms comes to 0.6 hp/hect; if pumping sets are excluded, it is 0.34 hp/hect. This is lower than Punjab, and a little higher than the national average. The mechanization in Gujarat seems to be of this type which has taken over more of bullock functions than of human labor. This may change however in future; some gaps in implements data, design and development were identified.

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Working Papers | 1982

Performance in Relation to Anxiety and Job Involvement

Pestonjee D M and Singh Y K

In this investigation an attempt has been made to study the effect of anxiety and job involvement on performance of workers. Two psychometric tools were administered to 600 rank-and-file workers of textile unit to assess their levels of job involvement and anxiety. The index of their performance was the actual prediction records. Statistical analysis of the data indicate that both anxiety (F = 86.92; d f = 1,596' p<.01) and job involvement (F = 73.43; d f = 1,596; p<.01) have significantly affected performance. There interaction were also found to be significant (F = 41.19; d f = 1,596; p<.01). Findings indicate that for higher performance high job involvement and low levels of anxiety were necessary. Anxiety was found to be detrimental to performance even in the case of high levels of involvement.

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Working Papers | 1982

Experiment on Individual Investment Decision Making Process

Samir K. Barua and Srinivasan G

This working paper reports an investigation into the decision making process of individual faced with a set of risky investment opportunities. An experiment was conducted on a set of students and the data generated from the experiment was analyzed. The analysis was done to infer about the criteria of choice used by the participants and the form of utility function that explains the observed behaviour. It was found that the pattern of choice was well explained by adjusted logarithmic function. It was also found that the risk perception of individuals was determined jointly by the variance and the skew ness of the return distribution.

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Working Papers | 1982

On the Computation of Hodges-Lehmann Efficiency of Test Statistics

Raghavacahari M

An approach to the computation of Bahadur Efficiency was proposed by Bahadur and Raghavachari in their paper in Proceedings of Sixth Berkeley Symposium. The objective of the paper is to exhibit this approach to the Computation of Hodges-Lehmann efficiency for a few examples. Many of the examples are new and these indicate the power of the method which does not entail the Computation of the tail probabilities for the distribution of the test statistic under a specific alternative. Examples include tests relating to normal, poisson, correlation, coefficient, multiple correlation, coefficient and rank tests for one sided distributions.

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Working Papers | 1982

HRD Practices in Indian Industry

T. V. Rao

The need for developing managerial capabilities among executives is being increasingly felt and attended to in Indian Industry in the recent past. Mechanisms like performance appraisal, potential appraisal, training, OD, performance feedback and counselling are being designed to facilitate executive development. This survey used 45 senior executives from 45 different organizations to comment on the existence of HRD related components of performance appraisal, potential appraisal, reward management and training. The survey reveals that a number of HRD components exist in these organizations although integrated HRD systems are not present. Details of these components are presented in this paper.

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Working Papers | 1982

Rural Development Programmes in India: An Analytical Review at the District Level

Srivastava Uma Kant

The paper aims to analyse (a) the actual coverage of developmental programmes (b) the actual beneficiaries and (c) its impact on the overall rural development. Seven special rural development programmes sponsored by the Government of India in seventies have been selected for the analysis. These are (1) Small Farmer's Development Agencies (2) Drought Prone Areas (3) Command Area Development (4) Tribal Area/Hill Area Development Programme (5) Hill Area Programme (6) Desert Development and (7) Whole Village Development Programme using block level data coverage for each of the 389 districts of India have been calculated for all the seven programmes. Also statewise calculations have been made. The analysis shows that not more than one third of the total area has been coverage by any p0rogramme in any State or Union Territory. The highest area covered by all the seven programmes is about 28 per cent in West Bengal. Further analysis shows that there is a loss of intended benefits of the special development programmes at all levels, beginning from the centre to state and district. Factors responsible for such a loss are identified in the paper. Important among these are lack of understanding of the objectives of the various programmes, lack of efforts to evolve locally suitable programmes, delays, cost escalation and under utilization of the created potential.

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