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2773 items in total found

Working Papers | 1987

Organizational Behaviour Research in India: A Review

Khandwalla P N

The paper defines Organizational Behaviour (OB) and indicates its relevance to management. It briefly describes some global trends in OB. Next, it discusses trends in OB research in India vis-a-vis quantity of OB research, the OB product-mix, shift from academic to socially relevant research, diversity in the use of research methods, and the emergence of Indian OB models. The paper next indicates cumulation in the areas of work motivation, conflict and conflict management, and the management of organizational dynamics. Finally, after noting the achievements of OB research in India the paper identifies several gaps and suggests several directions future OB research should take. In particular, it pleads for a sharper social focus, involving studies of the organizational consequences of major Indian realities and greater priority to the study of strategic organizations and individuals. It suggests greater effort at relating macro-OB variables to micro-OB variables, at relating macro-OB variables with one another, and the examination of a number of under-investigated micro-OB variables. It pleads for much greater use of natural experiments based research, and concludes by listing the sorts of help practitioners want from OB academics.

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Working Papers | 1987

A Study of Attitudes Towards Women Officers in Banks

Deepti Bhatnagar

An increasing number of Indian women are joining managerial ranks, yet very few studies have been carried out to empirically assess people's attitudes towards women managers. This paper reports results of a study of attitudes towards women managers in banks. Data were collected from 65 female and 136 male employees working at clerical, junior, middle and senior middle management levels in banks. Results reveal a widespread lukewarm attitude towards women managers. Though women hold a much more favourable attitude than men, yet even female responses are not unequivocally positive. Implications of such attitudes for work performance and career progression of women managers are discussed.

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Working Papers | 1987

Target Debt Maintenance Under Alternative Net Present Value Specifications and Implications for Investment and Finance Decisions

Ragunathan V and Srinivasan G

Two alternative specifications of weighted average cost of capital are prevalent in finance literature. Though both the specifications result in consistent accept/reject or ranking decisions the net present value arrived is different under each method. This paper traces the origin of this difference and resolves the same. It is shown that if projects are funded in such a way that resulting debt to equity is the optimal leverage then both specifications will yield identical net present values. In cases where such capital structure maintenance is not feasible there is loss of value due to unused debt capacity. We arrive at a lower bound for such a loss and also show that in such situations there exists a possibility of a synergy between projects which are otherwise independent.

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Working Papers | 1987

A Study of Role Stress in Relation to Type-A and Anger

Pestonjee D M

Present study is an attempt to explore the relationship between factors of role stress, Type-A pattern of behavioural disposition and State-Trait anger among three categories of management personnel. A battery of three psychometric instruments, namely, 'ORS Scale', 'State-Trait Anger Scale' and 'Can You Type Your Behaviour?' were administered on 221 top managers, 326 middle managers and 77 IAS officers. Critical ratio test, median test and product moment coefficients of correlation were used to analyse the data. Result of the present study suggests that interrole distance and role erosion are the most dominant contributor of role stress whereas role ambiguity and personal inadequacy are the least important contributor for the total sample of management personnel. Comparison of scores on ORS Scale revealed that by and large all the three comparison groups differ from one another. Type-A and trait-anger scores were found to be statistically insignificant whereas state-anger scores were significantly different in all the three comparison groups. Study of correlation coefficients revealed that more correlation coefficients among role stress factors as well as ORS vs S/T anger were significant in case of TMG, followed by NNG and IAS personnel. More correlation coefficients between Type-A score and ORS factors were found to be significant in case of IAS group as compared to other datasets. Datasets were also dichotomized on the basis of age of the respondents. Statistical differences as well as correlation coefficients pertaining to variables understudy were analysed for both, low and high age group management personnel of each categories.

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Working Papers | 1987

Some Issues in Microlevel Planning Based on Experience of Action Research in India

Ravindra H. Dholakia and Iyengar Sudarshan

The concept of microlevel planning is operationalized in India through special programmes involving allocation of specified funds over given sectors, space and time. While working with the district and block level administration in planning several such programmes, we faced many situations which require explicit mention and perhaps modification in the discussion of the methodology of microlevel planning in a developing economy. We have broadly categorized these issues into (a) nature and avaialbility of required statistics; (b) alternative approaches, (c) target setting; (d) choice of strategy; (e) administrative structure; (f) identification of target group; and (g) people's participation. These issues are discussed with a view to deriving their methodological implications.

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Working Papers | 1987

Leasing Industry in India: Structure and Prospects

Pandey I M

The aim of this paper is to critically evaluate the structure and prospects of the leasing industry in India. Financial data of 29 selected leasing companies are analyzed to formulate the strategic groups of the leasing companies. It is argued that the winners of future would be either those leasing companies which are large in size and affect economies of scale or those which are associated with business houses. The options available to new entrants for successful survival are to enter the leasing business either as a large company or a specialized company. Entry on a leasing-cum-manufacturing will pose difficulty in terms of government regulation, raising of large capital and managerial capability.

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Working Papers | 1987

Incidence of Deferred Tax Due to Depreciation: An Empirical Study

Parikh Shweta and Srinivasan G

Deferred tax arises due to difference in the reported income and taxable income. In India it is not obligatory for corporations to provide for deferred tax which results in mismatch of tax liability and pre-tax income. In this study we look into the incidence of tax deferral due to difference in depreciation methods. A sample of thirty companies have been studied for four years. We have presented the extent of tax deferral and the resultant overstatement of reported income in the sample companies. The trend of overstatement over the years is also analysed and the implications are highlighted.

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Working Papers | 1987

Regional Development Policy: An International Survey of Incentive Scheme

Ramachandran K

Industrialisation of backward areas has attracted the attention of governments all over the world, both developing and advanced. These efforts vary from direct investment to indirect assistance. This paper reviews the scheme of assistance offered, broadly categorised as physical financial and fiscal incentives. Data for this study were collected from a mail survey of incentive schemes and published literature. No particular sampling technique was used to select the countries for study. This analysis of schemes in fiftyfive countries suggests that fiscal incentives are used as the major incentive in poor countries, whereas financial incentives are more important in rich countries. The type of incentive offered depends on the capacity of country to spare funds for regional development and the risks involved in blocking up scarce resources in unused investments. Advanced countries compete among themselves to attract international investments by offering liberal incentives. Also, incentives are more where environmental risk is high. The findings are useful to regional development policy making in countries at different levels of development to draw on the experiences of others. The pattern of changes in regional incentives is useful to understand the structure of incentive system.

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Working Papers | 1987

Research on Women in Management: A Developmental Perspective

Parikh Indira J and Kumar G Arun

Women and development have acquired significant attention since last two decades. This attention has been two fold. One has been the overall integration of women in development of the economic growth of the nation while the other has been the issued of security in status and allocation of resources for their growth and partnership. The Indian experience suggests an increasing number of educated and professionally trained women enter formal settings of organizations which range from private, government and multi-nationals. Women are of an integral part of banking and financial institutions, communication media, travel and Life Insurance Corporations. This paper reviews five distinct areas of research. 1. Women's entry in management and the resultant home-work interface. 2. Actual managerial role taking and its interface with organizations. 3. Women's role taking anchored in the socio-cultural processes and as such role taking and its interface with culture. 4. Women's role and its interface with development. 5. Studies of individual women who have broken through the barriers and achieved success. This paper proposes that one of the critical and significant area of research on women in management would be to identify women's institutional role and institutional processes which they perceived as their resource in the social setting. Finally this paper also proposes research on values women hold, and the changing profile if young women, which would provide insights into the coming generation of women managers in India.

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Working Papers | 1987

Implications of the Changes in the Holding Period and other Parameters on Systematic Risk and Performance of a Security

Samir K. Barua, T. Madhavan, and Ragunathan V

The Capital Asset Pricing Model is a single period model which specifies a linear relationship between return on an asset and return on the entire market. The model is widely used in literature as if a portfolio of securities can be designed based on a unique value of systematic risk. In this paper it is shown that in reality it is not possible to design a portfolio based on a unique value of systematic risk and performance index of securities, since both these measures are a function of not only the holding period, but also the values of expected market return and the risk-free rate of return likely to prevail for the period under consideration. Further, using computer simulation the paper captures the extent of impact of the holding period, expected market return, risk-free rate of return and the interaction of the holding period and expected market return together, on the single period measure of systematic risk and performance index of a security. The simulation results also show that other parameters such as the variance of market return, variance of the error term and other combinations of interaction terms do not have any significant impact on the single period measure of systematic risk.

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