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3590 items in total found

Journal Articles | 2022

Pay-for-performance, procedural justice, OCB and job performance: a sequential mediation model

Vishal Gupta, Shweta Mittal, P. Vigneswara Ilavarasan, and Pawan Budhwar

Personnel Review

Building on the arguments of expectancy theory and social exchange theory, the present study provides insights into the process by which pay-for-performance (PFP) impacts employee job performance.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Research and market structure: Evidence from an antibiotic-resistant pathogenic outbreak

Mayank Aggarwal, Anindya S. Chakrabarti, Chirantan Chatterjee, and Matthew J. Higgins

Research Policy

We provide causal evidence that upstream research shocks impact unconnected downstream product markets. Focusing on the Indian pharmaceutical market, we use a natural experiment involving a publication that identified a pathogenic outbreak involving a carbapenem antibiotic resistant superbug. Consistent with theory, we find that this upstream research shock caused multinational firms selling carbapenem antibiotics in India to reduce their downstream market exposure. Rational antibiotic stewardship implies that we should observe a similar response by domestic Indian firms. Surprisingly, we observe the opposite, domestic Indian firms filled the void in the market left by multinational firms. We confirm this aggregate finding with prescription level data; Indian physicians prescribed fewer focal multinational products relative to domestic firm products. Results are robust to alternate control groups and placebo testing. Implications for antibiotic resistance, global health policy and innovation policy are discussed.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Technology, megatrends and work: Thoughts on the future of business ethics

"Premilla D’Cruz, Shuili Du, Ernesto Noronha, K. Praveen Parboteeah, Hannah Trittin-Ulbrich, and Glen Whelan "

Journal of Business Ethics

To commemorate 40 years since the founding of the Journal of Business Ethics, the editors in chief of the journal have invited the editors to provide commentaries on the future of business ethics. This essay comprises a selection of commentaries aimed at creating dialogue around the theme Technology, Megatrends and Work. Of all the profound changes in business, technology is perhaps the most ubiquitous. There is not a facet of our lives unaffected by internet technologies and artificial intelligence. The Journal of Business Ethics established a dedicated section that focuses on Technology and Business Ethics, yet issues related to this phenomenon run right through all the sections. Kirsten Martin, editor of the Technology and Business Ethics section, joins our interim social media editor, Hannah Trittin-UIbrich, to advance a human-centric approach to the development and application of digital technologies that places Business Ethics at centre of the analysis. For Shuili Du, technology is the defining condition for a new era of Corporate Social Responsibility—CSR 3.0—which she defines as “a company’s socially responsible strategies and practices that deal with key ethical and socio-technical issues associated with AI and related technologies on the one hand and leverage the power of AI and related technologies to tackle social and environmental problems on the other hand.” It is not just technologies that are a determining feature of our lives but technology companies, an argument made by Glen Whelan as he examines Big Business and the need for a Big Business Ethics as we try to understand the impact of Big Tech on our post-work world. Indeed, as noted by Ernesto Noronha and Premilla D’Cruz, megatrends in addition to advancement in technologies, namely globalization, the greening of economies, and changes in demographics and migration, are shaping the future for workers in ways previously unimaginable. Contributing to this important debate, Praveen Parboteeah considers the influence of another longstanding but oft overlooked megatrend, the role of religion in the workplace. Given the enormity of the influence of technology and other megatrends in our world, it is not surprising that this essay introduces ground-breaking ideas that speak to the future of business ethics research.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Artificial intelligence and big data analytics for supply chain resilience: a systematic literature review

Efpraxia D. Zamani, Conn Smyth, Samrat Gupta, and Denis Dennehy

Annals of Operations Research

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data Analytics (BDA) have the potential to significantly improve resilience of supply chains and to facilitate more effective management of supply chain resources. Despite such potential benefits and the increase in popularity of AI and BDA in the context of supply chains, research to date is dispersed into research streams that is largely based on the publication outlet. We curate and synthesise this dispersed knowledge by conducting a systematic literature review of AI and BDA research in supply chain resilience that have been published in the Chartered Association of Business School (CABS) ranked journals between 2011 and 2021. The search strategy resulted in 522 studies, of which 23 were identified as primary papers relevant to this research. The findings advance knowledge by (i) assessing the current state of AI and BDA in supply chain literature, (ii) identifying the phases of supply chain resilience (readiness, response, recovery, adaptability) that AI and BDA have been reported to improve, and (iii) synthesising the reported benefits of AI and BDA in the context of supply chain resilience.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Performance evaluation and optimization of design parameters for electric vehicle-sharing platforms by considering vehicle dynamics

Vishal Bansal, Deepak Prakash Kumar, Debjit Roy, and Shankar C. Subramanian

Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review

Global adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) faces many challenges such as range anxiety, high cost of EVs, and inadequate charging infrastructure. EV-sharing platforms resolve such concerns by setting up an optimal configuration for charging infrastructure and optimizing the charging decisions for depleted EVs. These platforms manage the vehicles’ flow to different charging stations and decide when and to what energy level the depleted vehicles should be recharged. Station-based platforms are one of the mainstream vehicle sharing systems where the customer picks-up and drops-off the vehicle at the designated stations. If a vehicle’s battery energy level falls below a threshold after completing the customer trip, it is charged either partially or fully at the charging station. This study addresses various operational and strategic decisions (such as the number of chargers, vehicle repositioning, and partial charging policy) for a one-way station-based EV-sharing platform using a stylized three-stage analytical framework. We use vehicle dynamics to model the EV powertrain and regenerative braking under different traffic conditions and simulate them using AVL CRUISE™. We model the platform operations using an open queuing network and provide a mixed-integer non-linear optimization program using inputs from the queuing network and vehicle dynamics simulation. We also provide a bound-based heuristic to solve this NP-hard optimization problem. We generate various managerial insights for an efficient implementation of the partial charging policy for EV-sharing platforms. The increase in the partial charging probability (the fraction of depleted vehicles charged partially) reduces the effective charging demand, resulting in fewer chargers and a higher profit. On the other hand, if we increase the target battery energy level for partial charging, the platform’s profit decreases due to higher effective charging demand dominating the benefits of lower charging frequency of vehicles.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Impostor phenomenon among Hispanic/Latino early career researchers in STEM

Devasmita Chakraverty

Journal of Latinos and Education

Impostor phenomenon (IP) is an experience of psychological discomfort where some high-achieving people disbelieve their success. Those experiencing IP feel undeserving and fear being discovered as a fraud in one’s area of expertise. This study examined how early career researchers or ECRs of Hispanic/Latino origin in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields described ethnicity-based experiences of IP. The research question examined how Hispanic/Latino ECRs (current PhD students and postdoctoral trainees) in STEM describe ethnicity-based experiences of IP during doctoral or postdoctoral training. Twenty-nine US-based ECRs were sequentially surveyed and interviewed. Participants were recruited purposefully and by snowball sampling through professional networks and social media. Descriptive statistics from surveys indicated that participants experienced moderate to intense IP at the time of the study with a mean score of 73.65/100 indicating high IP. Interviews with the same participants were coded and thematically displayed using constant comparison. The following themes were constructed: 1) family background and first-generation status, 2) disparity in observable traits and ethnic identity, 3) communicating in English, 4) enhance diversity, and, 5) underrepresentation and isolation. IP in connection with racial, ethnic, and other identities is poorly understood; culturally-informed understanding requires more research.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Pathway to achieve a sustainable food and land-use transition in India

"Chandan Kumar Jha, Ranjan Kumar Ghosh, Satyam Saxena, Vartika Singh, Aline Mosnier, Katya Perez Guzman, Miodrag Stevanović, Alexander Popp, and Hermann Lotze-Campen"

Sustainability Science

India has committed to reducing the emissions intensity of GDP by 33–35% from the 2005 level by 2030 in alignment with objectives of the Paris Agreement. This will require a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the food and land-use sector. In this paper, we construct three potential pathways for India to achieve its emissions target by 2050 involving moderate ambitions of mitigation action (BAU), moderate ambitions combined with achieving healthy diets (BAU + NIN), and high levels of mitigation action inclusive of healthy diets (SUSTAINABLE). Using an integrated accounting tool, the FABLE Calculator, that harmonizes various socioeconomic and biophysical data, we project these pathways under the conditions of cross-country balanced trade flows. Results from the projections show that the demand for cereals will increase by 2050, leading to increased GHG emissions under BAU. Under the SUSTAINABLE pathways, GHG emissions will decrease over the same period due to reduced demand for cereals, whereas significant crop productivity and harvest intensity gains would lead to increased crop production. The exercise reveals the indispensability of healthy diets, improved crop, and livestock productivity, and net-zero deforestation in achieving India’s mid-century emission targets from the agriculture sector.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Caring for those in your charge: the role of servant leadership and compassion in managing bullying in the workplace

Saima Ahmad, Talat Islam, Premilla D'Cruz, and Ernesto Noronha

International Journal of Conflict Management

Adapting a positive business ethics framework, the purpose of this paper is to offer a new perspective to manage bullying at work. Specifically, this paper reports an empirical study which examines how the good work of servant leadership may lower employees’ exposure to workplace bullying, with compassion as a mediator and social cynicism beliefs (SCBs) as a moderator.

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Popular Press | 2022

How art indices are changing the narrative of the Indian art market

Prashant Das

Forbes India

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Working Papers | 2022

In Pursuit of Balance: Vicarious Liability Doctrine in the United Kingdom and India

M. P. Ram Mohan and Sai Muralidhar K

The Doctrine of Vicarious Liability is a unique exception to the principle of fault-based liability and holds persons liable for the actions of third parties. The recent verdicts in WM Morrison Supermarkets v Various Claimants (2020) and Various Claimants v Barclays Bank (2020) by the UK Supreme Court restricting the scope of vicarious liability through its interpretation of the akin to employment test as well as the close connection test deserves scrutiny. The Supreme Court apart from reaffirming the traditional distinction between independent contractors and employees also has limited the circumstances in which claims of vicarious liability can be upheld. Given that tort law in India is deeply rooted in the common law of the UK, it is unsurprising that principally vicarious liability in India and UK has evolved similarly. The paper analyses the various principled justifications behind the doctrine and focuses on the various tests such as the akin to employment test, course of employment test & close connection test which are used to impose liability. Further, it comprehensively examines the evolution of the doctrine in the UK and India, and analyses the varying approach taken by the judiciary in both countries against the backdrop of the socio-economic conditions of the workforce. Lastly, the paper identifies the difficulties that the doctrine may face in the future.

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IIMA