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3669 items in total found

Working Papers | 1977

Financing Minor Irrigation Projects: A Decision Theoretic Framework to Tackle Uncertainities

Srivastava Uma Kant and Oza Nikhil M

Minor Irrigation Schemes such as the construction of dug wells, dug-cum-bore wells and tube wells form a substantial part of irrigation development in the Fifth Plan. The importance of these schemes can be understood from the fact that six million hectares are to be covered by minor irrigation during the plan period. To support the targets of minor irrigation programme, financial institutions have stopped up their lending. The Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation have been playing a major role in promoting minor irrigation schemes through the financial institutions. One of the important constraints in lending for minor irrigation schemes has been the uncertainty associated with the outcome of these loans (because of the problem of failed wells) and consequent problems of recovery. This paper aims at providing a decision theoretic framework to tackle the problem of uncertainty in lending for minor irrigation schemes. The anatomy of decision theoretic approach consists of (i) alternatives, (ii) possible events which can take place in case of each alternative, (iii) probabilities associated with each possible event in case of each alternative, and (iv) a defined criterion of choice. The interactions between various elements are illustrated with the help of two examples based on the data from Mehsana district. The suggested framework is of general interest in dealing with the uncertainties in financing of dug wells, dug-cum-bore wells and tube wells. It is simple and required data are easily available at district and even at taluka level. Apart from bankers (including the regional rural banks) the framework can also be used by voluntary agencies in mitigating the hardships of those farmers who fail to strike work.

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Working Papers | 1977

A Network Planning Model for Power Transmission System

Mukherjee Shishir K

This paper explores the possibility of improving the utility of the well-known WASP computer package for investment planning in power systems by introducing a Network Planning Model for representing and planning the power transmission network expansion in the WASP package as a module. The Network Planning Model formulation for power generation and transmission system planning is described in detail illustrated by an application for the Northern regional power network in India. The integration of the Network planning model with the existing WASP modules at various levels is suggested and the additional data input on the locational aspects of the generating plants and the topology of the transmission network is specified. The implementation of the Network planning module within the WASP package is expected to provide a capability for simultaneous optimization of the generation and transmission system expansion to the WASP model.

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Working Papers | 1977

Interstate Variation in Female Labour Force Participation Rates in India - An Analysis of the 1971 Census Data

Dholakia Bakul H and Ravindra H. Dholakia

This paper makes an attempt to isolate the influence of structural differences in Female Population on the Female Labor Force Participation Rates (FPR) in different States and thereby measure the extent of actual regional variation in the Female Participation Rates in India. It also tries to examine various factors that influence the interstate variation in the adjusted FPR. The present study is based on the data available from 1971 population census and covers all the States of India as they existed at the time of 1971 census. The main findings of the study are: (1) the structural differences in female population among different regions do not contribute significantly to the observed interstate variation in FPR; (2) age-specific FPR shows much greater interstate variation in rural areas than in urban areas; (3) per capita income, average size of households and the overall literacy rate are the main factors which influence interstate variation in the basic work force tendency among females as measured by the FPR adjusted for the structural differences in female population.

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Working Papers | 1977

Baroda Experiment Urban Decentralization: A Study of Some Administrative Aspects

Bhatt Anil

This is an exploratory study of some administrative aspects of Baroda's pilot project on urban decentralization. The aspects examined are: Structure, functions and working in regard to personnel, supplies and equipment, paperwork and procedures, publicity and public relations and central office-ward office relationship. At the end an overall evaluation and suggestions are presented.

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Working Papers | 1977

Techniques of Mobilizing Rural People to Support Rural Development Programme

Moulik T K

How to mobilize rural people to participate and support rural development programmes is a crucial issue to resolve. The importance of this issue is being increasingly realized by the developing Afro-Asian countries. This paper is concerned with general theoretical principles or concepts based on comparative analysis of experiences in rural development programmes in five Afro-Asian countries. Based on these experiences of these five countries, the techniques of mobilization of rural people are conceptually classified into two models: Harmony model and Conflict Model. The two models are defined in terms of method of applying intervention techniques in mobilizing rural people. Broadly there are 4 categories of interventions: structural, institutional, technological and political. Given certain preconditions, usually the outsider-stimulator provoke mobilization of rural people in support of development programmes through applying certain intervention techniques. In the conflict model, outsider-stimulator usually starts with a conscientisation programme with emphasis on structural interventions such as agrarian reform and then radically confronting and escalating the force against the structural cleavage. The other three intervention techniques are the consequent result of the structural interventions, in the conflict model. The conflict model is illustrated in the paper in relation to Chinese and Indonesia's PKI movements. According to harmony model on the other hand the outsider stimulator attempts to mobilize either through technological or institutional interventions without disturbing the structural aspects of the society. Harmony model is illustrated in the paper in relation to some rural development programmes in Tanzania, India and Bangladesh. The ideological philosophies of the two models are fundamentally different with concomitant advantages and disadvantages depending on the existing objective conditions of the society in which they are applied.

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Working Papers | 1977

Some Propositions about Institutions Building

Pareek Udai

The process of growth and development of institutions requires more attention than it has been given. Eighteen propositions are given under five categories: goals, people, structure, culture, and leadership. The propositions state important dimension in relation to these five aspects, and raise relevant issues on institution building. The main focus of all propositions is on the process of institution building.

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Working Papers | 1977

The Concept of Bonus

Srivastava Uma Kant

The paper traces the genesis and history of the concept of bonus which has, in less than thirty years, taken on the shape of an adjunct to achieve the standard living wage: annual profit sharing; deferred wage and finally a composite of deferred wage and profit sharing including links into productivity and production bonus.

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Working Papers | 1977

The Style of Corporate Management, Goals, Strategy Structure and Performance

Khandwalla P N

Using cluster analysis of questionnaire data from the top managements of 103 Candaian companies, seven styles of corporate top management were identified. Each style was a particular configuration of the orientation to risk taking, technocracy, participation, structuring and coercion. The contextual conditions-properties of the company's external environment, its age and size, and its industry-associated with each style were also identified. Each style's relationship to measures of corporate goals, strategy, organizational structure, and corporate performance was examined. The theoretical and practical implications of the results were outlined.

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Working Papers | 1977

Rural Banks for Rural Development: The Indian Experiment

Wadhva Charan D

The establishment of the new institution of the regional rural banks (RRBs) in India since 1975 has aroused a great deal of interest and controversy among the policy-makers and observers of the Indian economy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the background and salient features of the scheme for establishing the RRBs and to evaluate their performance. The paper concludes that the RRBs have been set up for meeting a distinctive objective and felt need in the area of rural credit. They may be identified as the development banks of the rural poor in India. These banks have had to work under several constraints some of which were totally beyond their control. Due credit must be given to the RRBs and their sponsoring banks for having achieved some tangible results within a short period of time. The paper cites the experience of the working of two RRBs as case studies. Based on the experience gained so far, this paper presents a case for reorganizing the working of the RRBs along certain lines for strengthening their role so that they can achieve the objectives for which they have been set up.

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Working Papers | 1977

Management and Operations of Regional Rural Banks: Two Case Studies

Srivastava Uma Kant

The setting up of the regional rural banks (RRBs) in India for mainly financing the credit requirements of the weaker sections of the rural society has been a significant innovation in the field of banking. The difficulties of undertaking a definitive and comparable appraisal of the performance of the RRBs make it imperative to conduct case studies of their performance and problems. This paper presents the findings of two such case studies. The banks selected are two of the first five RRBs started on October 2, 1975, namely, the Haryana Kshetriya Gramin Bank, Bhiwani (Haryana) and the Jaipur Nagaur Aanchalik Gramin Bank, Jaipur (Rajasthan). This paper is divided into three parts. Part I describes the setting; Part II deals with the analysis of the working results and Part III lists the major issues which need to be resolved soon for the future of these RRBs. The two case studies presented in this paper do bring out some of the key issues which impinge on their effective working and need to be further examined by the policy makers for deciding the future of these banks. These case studies also point out to the importance of variations in specific local conditions in influencing the working of the regional rural banks. The above studies clearly bring out the need for immediately reorganizing and revitalizing the working of these banks for achieving their objectives. The Dantwala Committee is already at work for examining the working of these banks and suggesting their future set up. It is hoped that the findings of these two case studies will be found to be useful for reviewing the working of such banks and for thinking on their reorganization in the future.

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