1. Leadership for Knowledge Organisations
Knowledge is the greatest leveller of our times. Knowledge work is defined as anything where the acquisition and exploitation of knowledge is central for an organisation’s competitive advantage. The principal capital of knowledge workers is ‘information’. The constant efforts of knowledge workers are driving the organisations of today. Knowledge workers are everywhere – programmers, healthcare professionals, pharmacists, academics, scientists, engineers, lawyers, architects, consultants, management practitioners, business and financial operators, arts, design, entertainment and sports – and any other work where people ‘think for a living’.
Leadership is the process of influencing an individual or a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. The central task of management today is to blend powerful leadership with an empowered workforce, and providing them with clear goals and an open and participative culture. Professionals who work in knowledge organisations such as consulting firms have dual work-places. Internally, they have formal power. However, externally, for client work, they have expertise power. The process through which professionals exercise power in client settings and combine it with the expertise to create impact could be an exciting area of study.
The centre will aim to conduct research on this area in R&D organisations, technology firms, and consulting firms to understand how leaders develop power and influence and exercise power downwards and sideways.
2. Leadership for Public Sector Organisations
Public sector undertakings (PSUs) contribute significantly to any country’s economic development as their services are aimed at its overall welfare. They also play an essential role in supporting other vital institutions and businesses of a nation. They differ significantly from private sector organisations. For example, private firms are owned by entrepreneurs/shareholders, but communities own public agencies. Further, public organisations face the vagaries of political forces more than the vagaries of market forces. The short and uncertain tenures of politicians make it difficult to bring about continuous, incremental changes in public enterprises. Public organisations are also noted to experience more turbulence, interruptions, and conflicts in their decision-making than private organisations. Formal rules, multi-layered hierarchies, information silos, lack of economic incentives, and divided political leadership at the top of public bureaucracies tend to stifle their innovation.
Under this theme, the centre will examine critical management issues that Indian public sector undertakings are faced with. Specifically, we aim to work on four research questions: (1) What are the topmost leadership challenges facing leaders of Indian public sector undertakings? (2) what critical leadership skills senior managers and leaders of Indian public sector undertakings need to be effective leaders/managers? (3) what are the top concerns or priorities of the human resource management function in Indian public sector undertakings? (4) what important factors attract and motivate individuals to work in Indian public sector undertakings?
3. Leadership for Non-Profit and Social Enterprises
There is a long and distinctive operating history of not-for-profit organisations in India. These organisations number many, cover almost the entire gamut of socio-economic and geographic issues within the country, and as a distinguishing mark, exhibit sharp differences of ideologies, approach and management styles amongst themselves. As a class of organisations, they thus present rich material for any sincere student of management. Recent years have also seen the emergence of many nonprofits integrating social missions with business orientations, organisations referred to as social enterprises.
There is little, however, by way of formal literature or exposure within the general management curricula which covers these organisations, their process of development and management practices in general. Of particular interest are those not-for-profits which started their journey way before or around the era of liberalisation (post 1991), an era which signified a critical point of departure for Indian society in general.
These organisations, then, constitute an interesting sub-class of organisations within the development sector, especially when it comes to the subject of organisational development or behaviour. From a management standpoint it is certainly worthwhile to ask: what can the study of these organisations add to the body of knowledge within leadership and Organisational Development (OD) as well as how these organisations can also learn from it? The centre aims to focus upon questions listed below which confront many such organisations with a noticeable regularity; or are soon likely to confront many others.
(1) Leadership: What the term leadership entails within the not-for-profit sector as well as social enterprises? Are there ways of looking at leadership outside of the conventional business management perspective? Also, what does scale mean in context of development? Is it really always desirable? Should an organisation scale or an idea/approach/practice be scalable through adaptation / mutation? Is the operative word really scale or replicability/adoption?
(2) OD and organisational effectiveness: How do leaders of not-for-profit and social enterprises cope with uncertain environments, ensuring strategy and execution in line with mission, maintaining consistency of vision and mission (why do visions/missions of such organisations change).
The objective of the centre is to engage in knowledge creation with respect to the leadership concerns in the social sector, including issues of designing and managing social sector organisations, financial sustenance concerns, governance issues, and developing and nurturing of human capabilities. At the same time, the centre aims to develop and embrace newer leadership capabilities, models, and frameworks, in addition to traditional models and frameworks, for addressing some of the most pressing social issues affecting the society currently.
4. CEO Personality and Strategic Leadership Development
Faculty members associated with this theme study and do research on personality, negotiations, the positive and negative aspects of leadership, and leadership development. The centre will deliver evidence-based offerings using a wide variety of pedagogy, including self-assessment, experiential activities, lectures and cases tailor-made to leaders' requirements in India and the Asia-Pacific region. The centre hopes to develop and run workshops and executive education programs on self-assessment for leader personality, negotiations, and transition from a middle-level executive to strategic leadership.
Many times, it has been found that venture capitalists fund entrepreneurs based on both the feasibility of the idea and underlying business model. However, they stand to gain from the investment only if entrepreneurs are able to scale that idea and build a sustainable organisation around it. The process through which entrepreneurs’ transition from idea champions (idea generators) to organisation builders and provide strategic leadership to their organisations is an interesting area of study and an area that the centre will like to work upon.
A related theme that the centre faculty would like to explore will be the challenges being faced by women leaders in India, leadership development for women, and women entrepreneurs. Over time, the centre would like to develop training programs as well research material (journal articles as well as case studies) on issues related to women leaders in the Indian context.
5. Leadership in Constitutional, Legal and Regulatory Organisations
The organisations of the state and its arms, be it Central or State or Local level, reflects largely the organisations of the Indian constitutional text. Constitution provides the establishment of a number of institutions, commonly referred as ‘Constitutional Institutions’. These institutions are designed for a higher moral, democratic and legal purpose- upholding constitutional values, ensuring rule of law and demarcating boundaries through separation of power theory. And the key towards building credible organisations is the leadership role an entity and persons holding such positions. The centre will work towards understanding the design and purpose, and functioning of these institutions. We will begin the work with 1) Studies on Judiciary and Tribunals, and 2) Institutions like Central Information Commissions and Central Vigilance Commissions etc.
Second part of the work will be to understand how legislation (statutes) and law of torts helps or acts as a barrier in terms of facilitating decision making and ensuring effective leadership. For example, the Companies Act, 2013 enactment saw criminal punishment to certain actions of the Board of Directors on account of the factors of a particular period. And now many of those measures have been amended to make it again non-criminal punishments. Similarly, negligence standards are evolving, having an impact on the decisions made by any entity or personal. We plan to study series of legislations and negligence/liability under law of tort that deal with business and commercial activities.
Third part of the work under this section is on Regulatory Agencies. In India, we have seen proliferation of regulatory agencies in the aftermath of market liberation. Examples are too many: regulatory agencies for electricity sector, telecom, petroleum and natural gas, nuclear, financial sectors like SEBI, IRDA etc, economic regulators like RBI, competition commission etc. Regulatory agency and its design are uncommon under Indian governance structure- an agency legislates, makes and implement policy, and also adjudicate. All rolled into one. This has caused concern on the nature of power and the kind of leadership it requires to work within the system and at the same time develop unique governance models.
