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Journal Articles | 2019

Developing an emic scale to measure ad-evoked nostalgia in a collectivist emerging market, India

Subhadip Roy, Varsha Jain, Altaf Merchant, and John B Ford

Journal of Business Research

Although there has been recent interest in the measurement of advertising-evoked nostalgia, the dimensionality and generalizability of the related scales are restricted to the national/cultural boundaries of Western nations. In the present study, we develop an emic scale to measure ad-evoked personal nostalgia in an important emerging economy, India, refining and purifying the scale with seven separate studies (with a combined sample size of 1823). The resulting scale contains five dimensions: past imagery, physiological reactions, positive emotions, negative emotions and collective nostalgia. In the present study, we follow rigorous scale development procedures, and we also go beyond by comparing the effectiveness of our emic scale with a previous scale developed in France (etic), and subsequently we test our measure in another (culturally-congruent) market – Bangladesh. Our study emphasizes the need for culture-specific measures (emic), and we present important theoretical and managerial insights.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Celebrity endorsements in emerging markets: Align endorsers with brands or with consumers?

Subhadip Roy, Abhijit Guha, Abhijit Biswas, and Dhruv Grewal

Journal of International Business Studies

This paper investigates country-of-origin (CO) effects as they relate to celebrity endorsements. Across multiple studies in emerging markets, the authors show that consumers’ evaluations depend on the match between (1) celebrity CO and consumer CO (termed consumer CO fit), and (2) celebrity CO and brand CO (termed brand CO fit). If there is a trade-off between consumer CO fit and brand CO fit, the authors identify contingencies (e.g., ethnocentrism levels) that determine which type of CO fit leads to higher evaluations. Furthermore, the authors develop prescriptions for segmentation in emerging markets and specify when these prescriptions differ from those prescribed by prior international business research.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Is it too complex? The curious case of supply network complexity and focal firm innovation

Amalesh Sharma, Surya Pathak, Sourav Borah, and Anirban Adhikary

Journal of Operations Management

Firms have increasingly relied on their supply network for improving their innovation performance. Although the relationship between the supply network structure and innovation has been investigated, the link between supply network complexity and a firm's innovation remains unexplored. By employing transaction cost economics and the concept of a recombinatory search, we propose that the complexity dimensions (horizontal, vertical, and spatial complexity) of a supply network impact the innovation performance of a firm and that such relationships are moderated by a strategic emphasis on value creation and the influence of the firm over the supply network. With a large-scale network data of 201 firms across six industries and 20 countries, we take a robust empirical approach that accounts for endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity and intrafirm error correlation to test our theory. We find strong support for a nonlinear relationship (with diminishing growth) between both horizontal and vertical complexity with respect to innovation performance. We find that spatial complexity is negatively related to innovation performance. Additionally, we find that a firm's strategic emphasis and its influence indeed moderates the link between the complexity dimensions and innovation performance. Based on our findings, we offer specific managerial guidance for the effective implementation of sourcing practices.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Understanding the structural characteristics of a firm's whole buyer–supplier network and its impact on international business performance

Amalesh Sharma, V. Kumar, Jun Yan, Sourav Bikash Borah, and Anirban Adhikary

Journal of International Business Studies

Building on the network theory and the concept of organizational ambidexterity, we investigate the impact of structural characteristics of a firm’s whole buyer–supplier network: network density, betweenness centralization, and average clustering coefficient on its international business (IB) performance. We also explore the moderating roles of average path length and PageRank centrality. Using a manually-collected dataset and a robust empirical methodology, we find that, while network density is negatively related, betweenness centralization and average clustering coefficient have an inverted U-shape and a U-shaped relationship with IB performance, respectively. We also find significant moderation effects, and, in the process, we show the economic importance of firms’ whole buyer–supplier network to their IB performance. We contribute to the international business and whole buyer–supplier network literature.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Leveraging service recovery strategies to reduce customer churn in an emerging market

Sourav Bikash Borah, Srinivas Prakhya, and Amalesh Sharma

Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science

Building on the properties of emerging markets, we investigate how a firm should align its service recovery strategies with different types of service failure to reduce customer churn in an emerging market. Using resource exchange theory and a multi-method approach, we show that the conventional wisdom related to service recovery needs to be reevaluated in emerging markets. Our results show that process failures lead to a higher likelihood of customer churn compared to outcome failures in emerging markets. Investigating service recovery mechanisms, we find that compensation is more effective in recovering from process failures than in recovering from outcome failures in emerging markets. Similarly, employee behavior has a stronger impact on mitigating the ill effects of process failures than those of outcome failures. The study contributes to the literature on service recovery and resource exchange theory and provides managerial insights for the effective management of customer churn due to service failures in emerging markets.

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Journal Articles | 2019

The goblet and two faces: Understanding transcendence and paradox from the perspective of Advaita Vedanta

Shiva Kakkar (FPM)

Human Resource Management International Digest

Purpose

Paradox theory looks at ambidexterity as a set of paradoxical yet interrelated demands. A form of response to such paradoxes is transcendence. Currently, there is limited understanding of the concept among researchers. Using concepts from the Indian philosophy of Advaita Vedanta, this paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of transcendence, highlight some of the epistemological challenges it presents and suggest ways in which the concept can be used by practitioners and ambidexterity researchers.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses concepts and theories from advaitic episteme to look at concepts of paradox and transcendence. The method of adhyaropa–apavada is introduced as a way to help individuals get a transcendental perspective of paradoxes. The application of the method is demonstrated using secondary data from published research on ambidexterity management.

Findings

It is postulated that transcendence is an “intuitive experience” born out of reflexive thinking. The dialectic of adhyaropa–apavada (affirmation followed by recension) is suggested as a pedagogical tool that can promote reflexive thinking.

Originality/value

The paper significantly adds to the theoretical understanding of paradoxes and transcendence in ambidexterity literature. The paper also makes a strong pedagogical contribution to literature by suggesting the dialectic of adhyaropa–apavada that can be used by managers to promote reflexive thinking among subordinates when faced with paradoxical situations.

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Journal Articles | 2019

From courts to markets: New evidence on enforcement of pharmaceutical bans in India

Chirantan Chatterjee, Debi Prasad Mohapatra, and Manuel Estay

Social Science & Medicine

Regulatory enforcement of product safety standards given health concerns, whether it is in romaine lettuce, smartphones or cars, is emerging to be a challenge for global public health. This is particularly true for developing economies with fragile institutions. In this context, recent studies on Indian pharmaceutical markets provide evidence suggesting that the sector is a hub for substandard quality of medicines. Departing from these prior studies which use randomly collected samples, we reinvestigate this question using novel pan-India market sales data of banned medicines from 0.75 million pharmacists and chemists in India. We find that indeed such medicines get sold in India even after bans are imposed on them in the period 2007 to 2013. However, there is a general decline in demand post ban for our focal molecules suggesting broad adherence to bans. We also observe regional heterogeneity in prevalence of banned medicines sold between rich and poor regions of India with the former counterintuitively showing more sales. That said, while Ozawa et al. (2018) argue that prevalence of substandard medicines is around 13% in low and middle-income countries, we find an infringement ratio which is more muted in India at about 5%. Finally, a regression-based examination suggests that prior firm presence in therapeutic markets and popularity of molecules positively impact the likelihood of sale of banned medicines in India. Our results are robust to alternative explanations and are substantiated with a theoretical set up examining firm trade-offs in the decision to infringe. India has recently been under the lens of the global access to medicines debate and our findings have important policy implications for global health.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Improving the measurement of school climate using item response theory

Sarah Lindstrom Johnson, Ray E. Reichenberg, Kathan Shukla, Tracy E. Waasdorp, and Catherine P. Bradshaw

Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice

The U.S. government has become increasingly focused on school climate, as recently evidenced by its inclusion as an accountability indicator in the Every Student Succeeds Act. Yet, there remains considerable variability in both conceptualizing and measuring school climate. To better inform the research and practice related to school climate and its measurement, we leveraged item response theory (IRT), a commonly used psychometric approach for the design of achievement assessments, to create a parsimonious measure of school climate that operates across varying individual characteristics. Students (n = 69,513) in 111 secondary schools completed a school climate assessment focused on three domains of climate (i.e., safety, engagement, and environment), as defined by the U.S. Department of Education. Item and test characteristics were estimated using the mirt package in R using unidimensional IRT. Analyses revealed measurement difficulties that resulted in a greater ability to assess less favorable perspectives on school climate. Differential item functioning analyses indicated measurement differences based on student academic success. These findings support the development of a broad measure of school climate but also highlight the importance of work to ensure precision in measuring school climate, particularly when considering use as an accountability measure.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Can subordinate voice prevail with abusive supervision? A conceptual model using conservation of resources perspective

K.V. Gopakumar and Sweta Singh

Management Research Review

Purpose

Drawing from conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to explain why certain voice types prevail while other voice types are inhibited in the presence of abusive supervision.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper surveys extant literature on abusive supervision, employee voice and COR theory and provides propositions linking abusive supervision and types of voice behaviours.

Findings

The paper develops a conceptual model linking abusive supervision and three types of subordinate voice behaviours – prosocial, defensive and acquiescent voices. It identifies psychological distress as a mediator and locus of control as a moderator to this relationship.

Originality/value

This paper deepens our present understanding of abusive supervision and voice relationship by explaining why only certain voice types prevail with abusive supervision while others do not. While extant literature concluded abusive supervision only as an inhibitor of voice behaviours, the present study identifies how abusive supervision could both inhibit and motivate different voice behaviours. Further, it links abusive supervision to multiple voice types, diverting from extant literature linking abusive supervision to only constructive voice. Lastly, this study contributes to resource acquisition strategies within COR theory.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Trust in humanitarian operations: a content analytic approach for an Indian NGO

Prakash Awasthy, K.V. Gopakumar, Sirish Kumar Gouda, and Tanushree Haldar

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH

Trust between partners, a key element enabling coordination across supply chains, has recently started gaining attention in humanitarian operations literature. Yet, empirical examination of this concept is scant. Borrowing from extant literature on trust within organisational behaviour stream, this paper aims to empirically verify trust formation types: companion, competence and commitment, in a disaster relief supply chain using primary and secondary data from an Indian Humanitarian relief organisation (HRO). Further, we identify variations in trust formation during disaster relief activities and developmental programmes, and between upstream and downstream partners of a humanitarian relief organisation. Based on the results of our content analysis, we contend that while companion based trust is significantly more prevalent during developmental programmes, competence based trust is important during both disaster periods and otherwise. We also find that there are significant differences in the trust formation between upstream and downstream partners and the HRO. This study has significant theoretical and practical implications on identifying the role of trust in humanitarian operations.

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