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Working Papers | 1992

Organisational Performance Analysis: A Different Perspective

Sood Anil and Pestonjee D M

The paper discusses the issue of organisational performance analysis in view of already existing theoretical and empirical research in the areas of economic theory, industrial economics, and organisation behaviour. It is proposed that the theories of existence of firm, individual behaviour in a collective effort and industrial performance together can form a basis for further research.

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Working Papers | 1992

Cigarette and Liquor Advertising in India An Exploratory Study

Mukhopadhyay S and Kureshi Sonal

The study examined cigarette and liquor ads in the print media in the context of consumer behaviour and legal/ethical issues. Subjects were drawn from three distinct segments, the vulnerable segment comprising of boys from senior school; habitual consumers, the adult users; and the potential segment, the adult non-users. The first segment was studied to assess the impact of ads on them in order to draw implications for public policy. To understand consumer behaviour, adult users were surveyed to find the initiation process and their reaction to own and competitive brands. Non-users were also examined on their reaction to ads. Laddering was used on both the adult segments to explore linkage of values with consumption. The findings indicate that school boys are exposed to either of the products through various media including shop displays. The impact of print media is realized only because of its proximity to the target audience and being a "choice" medium. Social factors dominate the initiation process for both the products. Values and goals differentiate users form non-users. Imposing restriction on media is unlikely to contain the overpowering influences of social and value related factors. Social education through emotive or rational appeals could be directed at the vulnerable/potential segment to emphasize moderation, rather than total abstinence. Other measures could be restriction of supply, the severest form being prohibition. The consequences could however be equally disastrous.

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Working Papers | 1992

Strategic Perspective on India Population Programme

Satia J K and Saseendran P P

Population growth is back on the national agenda. The earlier target of reaching replacement fertility by year 2000 is not likely to be met. If recent trend in birth-rate decline can be maintained then the annual growth rate may decline from around 2.0% to 1.7% by year 2000 and continue to decline thereafter. This would begin to alleviate population pressure on schooling, food requirements and employment. A faster decline in birth rate would accelerate the alleviation of population pressure. India's failure in moderating population growth stem from very slow improvements in both female education and quality of family welfare programme. An analysis of demographic diversity among states suggests that faster reduction in fertility can only be realized if a comprehensive national strategy is implemented comprising (a) increasing female education level as rapidly as possible; (b) making directional changes in the family welfare (FW) programme which would enable it to provide quality sterilization services to those who do not desire additional children and promote spacing methods more vigorously. The proposed directional changes in the family welfare programme include those needed for shifting emphasis to quality of services, achieving a better balance between sterilization and spacing methods and strengthening the reproductive health care. Instead of a uniform programme pattern, differential strategies would be required to respond to considerable demographic diversity among the states.

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Working Papers | 1992

Setting up an Irrigation Cooperative: A Feasibility Study

Kolavalli Shashi, Chhokar J S, Naik Gopal, Saha Jahar, Bhat Ramesh, and Shah Nitin

The objective of the study was to examine the feasibility of setting up an irrigation cooperative in Hadgood village in Kheda district of Gujarat. A sample of 80 households, chosen at rando, was studied and households having no irrigation sources and having irrigation sources were compared on the following aspects: i) landholding and intensity of land use: ii) cropping pattern: iii) costs and returns from different crops with existing water resources: and iv) farm income per household. An attempt was also made to assess the viability of the irrigation cooperative society by considering factors like: i) potential for increasing irrigation: ii) extent of dependence of the households on agricultural income: iii) additional sources of income like dairy and employment: iv) adoption of farm technology, and v) making investments for establishing an irrigation cooperatives. The study has shown that the potential for improving the productivity of agriculture through either: a) irrigating more land or b) increasing cropping intensity or c) changing the cropping pattern or d) adoption of modern farm practices, is rather low. It is therefore, concluded that, keeping the overall situation of the village in view, the setting up of an irrigation cooperative society in Hadgood Village is not feasible.

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Working Papers | 1992

Growth of Total Factor Productivity in Indian Agriculture

Dholakia Bakul H and Ravindra H. Dholakia

In the present study the sources of Growth of Indian agriculture have been estimated for three sub-periods during 1950-51 to 1988-89. It also estimates the contribution of adverse weather conditions and intensity of resource use to total factor productivity growth. It is found that TFPG has contributed significantly to the acceleration of agricultural growth facilitating release of scarce resources from agriculture to other sectors in the economy. Thus, TFPG in agriculture has been the prime driving force behind the acceleration of overall growth in the Indian economy achieved during the eighties. The main determinant of TFPG has been found to be the use of modern inputs like fertilizers, HYV seeds and irrigation. It is also argued that the government policies to encourage the use of modern inputs have played a critical role in achieving the acceleration of the agricultural and hence overall growth in the economy. The agricultural input subsidies, particularly fertilizer subsidy, have been the major policy instruments inducing modernisation of Indian agriculture.

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Working Papers | 1992

Venture Capital and Entrepreneurial Development: The Indian Experience

Pandey I M

Venture capital has developed in the Western countries on account of the need to provide non-conventional, risky finance for new ventures based on innovative entrepreneurship. There are not many empirical studies of the impact of venture capital. However, a few studies do exist in context of the developed countries. Because of the paucity of information, there is hardly any comprehensive study of the results of venture capital in developing countries. There is thus a need for systematic review of the venture capital experiences in selected developed and developing countries in order to understand the developmental role of venture capital and the process underlying the success of venture capital. This study is a detailed case analysis of the venture capital experience in India. It is intended to draw lessons and implications for the development of venture capital in developing countries. The study examines: · The strategic role venture capital in the development of technology, innovative entrepreneurship and small enterprises in India; · The development process of venture capital by a systematic analysis of venture capital practices and policies in India; and · The policy initiatives necessary for the success of venture capital in developing countries based on the Indian experience. The study is based on primary information gathered through extensive interviews with a large number of managers of various venture capital companies and published material. The study is divided into five sections. Section 1 provides background of venture capital and a review of its development in some developed and developing countries. Section 2 explains the context of venture capital in India and its role in the technology and entrepreneurial development. Section 3 examines the practices and policies of the venture capital firms in India. Section 4 review the policy initiatives necessary for the growth of the venture capital industry in a developing country like India. Section 5 summarises the findings of the study.

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Working Papers | 1992

Opportunity Fairness and Equal Income Lindahl Equilibrium

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we propose a concept of opportunity fairness for economies in which there are public goods and establish its equivalence with the concept of an equal income Lindahl equilibrium.

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Working Papers | 1992

Public Services Subject to Congestion: A Reexamination

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we reformulate the problem posed by public services subject to congestion in a manner consistent with economic theory and obtain first and second best solutions to the problem.

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Working Papers | 1992

Order Level Lot-Size Inventory Model with Permissible Delay in Payments for a System with Two Storage Facilities

Shah Nitin and Shah Y K

In this paper a mathematical model of order level lot-size inventory model under permissible delay in payment is considered with two storage facilities. The supplier allows time for settling payments for no interest charges are payable. Here an inventory system under consideration does not have sufficient capacity to store the on-hand inventory in own warehouse after meeting the back-logged demand. In such a case W units are stored in own warehouse an rest in a rented warehouse. This paper an attempt is made to analyses: a) when the system has both warehouse facilities to accommodate the lot-size; b) own warehouse has large capacity to store the on-hand inventory; and c) maximum is stored in own warehouse. The system suggests when to hire rented warehouse for more profitability among the given alternatives. Expressions for optimal order quantity and order level are developed for all the cases with an example.

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Working Papers | 1992

The Minimum Weight Rooted Arborescence Problem: Weights on ARCS Case

V. Venkata Rao and Sridharan R

In a rooted acyclic graph, G, there exits, in general, several rooted (not necessarily spanning) arborscences. Depending on whether the graph has weights on nodes, on arcs, or on both, it is possible to define, with different objective functions, several different problems, each concerned with finding an optimal rooted arborscence in the graph under consideration. Of the different types of rooted acyclic graphs, we are in particular interested in two: 1. rooted acyclic graph Gn with weights on nodes, and 2.rooted acyclic graph Ga with weights on arcs. In the first category, an optimal rooted arborsence can be defined as one whose sum of node weights is less than or equal to that of any other rooted arborscence in Gn, the problem of finding such an arborscence is called the minimum rooted arborscence (MRA(Gn)) problem in an acyclic rooted graph with weights on nodes. Similarly, in the second category, an optimal rooted arborscence can be defined as one whose sum of arc weights is less than or equal to that of any other rooted arborscence in Ga; the corresponding problem is called the minimum rooted arborscence (MRA(Ga)) problem in a rooted acyclic graph with weights on arcs. The MRA(Gn) has already been studied. The objective of this paper is to explore the relation between (MRA(Ga) and MRA(Gn) problems, and to propose approximate and exact methods for solving MRA(Ga) problem. However, the paper presents no computational results, as the programming of the proposed algorithms is still in progress. After discussing the relation between the MRA(Gn) and MRA(Ga) problems, we formulate the MRA(Ga) problem as a zero-one programming problem, and discuss a heuristic to construct a rooted arborscence RA in any given Ga. This heuristic can be used to generate an upper bound on the value of the objective function for MRA(Ga). We also discuss the formulation of a Lagrangian Dual of MRA(Ga) problem and present a linear relaxation of MRA(Ga). Finally, we present a branch and bound scheme for the MRA(Ga) problem.

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