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3552 items in total found

Working Papers | 1998

Technical Change and Market Price Effects on Income Distribution in Indian Rice Economy

Namboodiri N V

1432 Considering the Marshallian concepts of producers' and consumers' surplus this study examines the total economic gain from technical change in rice production in India and its distribution among producer-cum consumers (PCC) and non-producer consumers (NPC) at two points of time viz., triennium ending 1982-83 and 1994-95. These are examined separately for those states where rice is multi-season crop and those states where it is mono-season. The total economic gain has increased by four-fold between 1982-83 and 1994-95. The NPC are the major beneficiary in both the periods and more so in states where rice is a mono-season crop. However the relative share of PCC in total economic gain has improved significantly in early 1990s. further the relative shares of both PCC and NPC have improved for the rate of marketed surplus below 25 per cent in both mono-and multi-season states. The sensitivity of rate of marketed surplus and supply function shift showed that the NPC are the major beneficiary from future rightward shift in supply curve assuming constant demand and supply elasticities. The study suggests that while non-product price policies encouraging technical change and market infrastructure development would be beneficial to both PCC and NPC, the rice price support would be needed once technical change occurs to protect the relative share of the former, i.e., producer-cum consumer.

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Working Papers | 1998

Analysis of Agriculture Industry Linkages in Indian Economic Development

Kumar Arvind and Vijay Paul Sharma

The purpose of this study is to examine the trends in India's growth rates and interdependency between agricultural and industrial sectors of Indian economy. A dual economic growth model was developed to investigate the relationship between the two sectors and factors affecting Indian economic growth. The study reveals that the GDP growth rate has increased considerably over the period 1950-95 and the increase is more pronounced in the post-economic reforms period. The industrial sector of the economy in the post-economic reforms period. The Indian economy has made a transition from the predominantly agrarian economy to a more balanced economy with the share of agriculture being about 29 per cent and that of industrial sector about 30 per cent during 1992-95. But the share of agricultural sector is still higher than for most of the developing nations. The results of economic growth model indicate that land is an important input to the growth of agriculture in India. The traditional input, such as labour, does not play an important role in the economic development of both the sectors. Capital investment contributed significantly to the growth of industrial sector, but not to the agricultural sector. It was found that the agricultural growth in India is contributed by its industrial sector and the growth of industrial sector depends on its agricultural growth, indicating strong linkages between the agricultural and industrial sectors in Indian economic development.

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Working Papers | 1998

A Perspective on Land Use Planning for Eastern India

Chakraborti Milindo and Samar K. Datta

Of all the natural resources endowed upon mankind, soil cover on the mother earth has been one of the most important basic resources which plays a strategic role in determining the living standards of human beings. Given the multitude of possible uses of land and the fact that often there are possibilities of emergence of a new use outcompeting the existing users, and consequent conflicts, land use planning is to be considered an important exercise. The present paper is an attempt to provide a perspective on the multitude of uses land is put to in the Eastern states of India and tries to argue that plans should involve minimum reliance on centralised decision making bodies and their budgetary provisions on the one hand and nothing should be left to be decided by the unconstrained functioning of the existing market forces, on the other, Self-governing and self-sustaining decentralised user group institutions at local levels with appropriate higher tier organizations should perform the land use planning exercise and look into their implementation as part of their regular business.

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Working Papers | 1998

A Management Perspective for Sustainable Fisheries Under Globalised Market Conditions: The Indian Scenario

Chakraborti Milindo and Samar K. Datta

India enjoys a vast and versatile resource base in respect of her fisheries. However, the country presently has reached a crossroad so far as sustainable tapping of his resource base is concerned. Defining sustainability not only in terms of economic viability but also in the context of ecological and social compatibility, the study looks into the problems and prospects of sustainable management of Indian fisheries. It analyse the various types of negative externalities arising out of a lack of clearly defined 'property rights' regime, both from within and from without. In doing so it examines the sustainability issues in respect of capture and culture fisheries exports and global competitiveness of fish and fishery products and fishermen's cooperatives. A future policy perspective is developed through comparing the Common Fisheries Policy of the EU and the existing National Fisheries Policy in respect of their capabilities in striking the necessary balance between economic needs and socio-ecological requirements. The study concludes by highlighting the need for evolving a network of brotherhood type organizations institutionalized at local stakeholders' level.

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Working Papers | 1998

Market Reforms and the Criticality of Institutions: A Few Issues in the Indian Context

Patibandla Murali

This paper brings out a few issues on how prevailing institutional conditions are inadequate for an efficient functioning of markets, and on the role of government policy in the transition period in the Indian context. We approach the issue of market institutions form the new institutional economics perspective. The basic argument of the paper is that the prevailing institutional conditions are not totally consistent and are inadequate with the spirit of free market economy and the approach of the reforms has been lopsided. To put it in the words of Williamson (1994), the approach of the reforms should be not just getting the prices right but getting the institutions right: to get the prices right one has to get the institutions right.

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Working Papers | 1998

Operating Characteristics of Empty Solar Cooker

Girja Sharan

In this report we present some of the operating characteristics of an empty box solar cooker, under climatic conditions of Ahmedabad.

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Working Papers | 1998

Demand for Forest Products in India: Past Trends and Projections to 2010

Kumar Arvind and Vijay Paul Sharma

This paper provides a brief summary of the results of growth performance and projections of demand for forest products in India and uses these results to provide a background for discussion of implications for forest policy and management. The trends indicate that the production of most forest products grew slightly at slower growth rates than its consumption. The growth rates for production and consumption of many products during 1981-94 have been lower than for 1970-80 period. The model used to forecast the demand and supply of forest products performed satisfactorily in terms of goodness of fit and its predictability. The forecasts of demand and supply showed a deficit of all types of forest products at national level; except for wrapping and packaging paper and paperboard, which was sufficient for the next one and half decades. Demand for forest products is likely to increase form current levels, but the rate of increase is likely to be lower than in the past. Moreover, the forest products and the raw material required to produce them will change with the changes in the market and the substitutes of these products. Therefore, the national forest policy and management should take into account all these changes and their effect on extent and composition of demand for forest products.

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Working Papers | 1998

Indias Export Since the Reforms: Three Analytic Industry Studies

Patibandla Murali and Ghemawat Pankaj

Our analysis of markets, competitors and suppliers in three key Indian export industries-diamonds, garments, and software – sheds light on the effects of India's recent economic reforms on export competitiveness. It also calls attention to the imperative to upgrade in international competition. And finally, it affords some insight into the process of such upgrading in the context of a relatively poor country. Our somewhat unexpected inferences about demand conditions and related and supporting industries suggest the following testable hypothesis: internationally competitive industries from poor countries will tend to have a standalone character, at least intially. That is, they will be relatively detached from both domestic demand and domestic related and supporting industries.

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Working Papers | 1998

How Different are Multinational Subsidiaries from Local Firms in a Developing Economy: A Study of Indian Industry

Patibandla Murali

1424 The spell-overs associated with superior production and marketing practices of multinational (MNC) firms to local firms in a developing economy are germane only when MNC firms are significantly different from local firms in technological, organizational and marketing practices. The spill-overs and competition induced deliberate efforts of local firms should make the best practices common contributing to growth process, especially in developing countries such as India which have achieved a certain degree of industrialization and technological capabilities. This paper makes a conceptual distinction between exogenous and behavioural response variables that determine the differences among MNC and domestic firms. The empirical exercise tests for how different are MNCs from local firms in production efficiency, vertical integration, R&D behaviour, marketing, exporting and importing intensity for five Indian industries on the basis of firm level panel data. The explanation for the observed differences or lack of differences is drawn from the arguments of exogenous and behavioural response variables.

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Working Papers | 1998

Estimating Strength of Electrical Back-up for Box Solar Cooker Using Simulation

Chaudhuri T K and Girja Sharan

In this paper we use simulation to estimate the strength of back-up needed in Ahmedabad region to make the box cooker usable throughout the year. A lumped parameter model is made of double glazed cooker marketed in Gujarat. Its performance is simulated using climatic data of Ahmedabad during August, when insolation is the lowest. Simulations are done on an empty cooker, placed on horizontal surface at 8 A.M. Plate and cover temperatures are tracked till 4 P.M. at interval of less than a minute. Unassisted cooker will fail to be of use in August, because plate temperature rises very slowly and does not reach 120 degree centigrade, considered necessary. A back-up of 50 W is found necessary to make the cooker perform satisfactorily in August, and hence in other months. This will keep the cooker essentially a slow cooking solar device as it is.

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