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3552 items in total found

Working Papers | 1998

Quality Aspects of Tomato Arriving for Auction at APMC Ahmedabad

Girja Sharan, Gabani S H, and Siripura S C B

Tomatoes transported from long distances were procured from Sardar Patel Market, Ahmedabad. Fruits were inspected visually for mechanical damage. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of storage on weight loss, firmness and toughness. Injuries and losses due to mechanical causes were found related to transport distance. Proportion of produce rendered unusable could be as high as 17 per cent, even when transport distance was no more than 300 km.

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Working Papers | 1998

Management of Organizational Change

Parvinder Gupta

Management of change in organizations has been one of the most important concerns of professionals in the recent times. A manager, an administrator or a consultant, who wishes to understand the dynamics of change, is most frequently confronted with questions, such as what is the concept of change? How to decide what to change, and then how to change it? What one needs to keep in mind while implementing changes in organizations? There are no standard answers to these questions. Many more such questions are being asked and need to be asked, and scholars have been making efforts to find answers to these questions. The present paper highlights some of the important issues involved in the management of organizational change, and identifies areas of gap in the change management literature which warrant further empirical and theoretical developments.

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Working Papers | 1998

Competitive Strategies for Indian Agri-Business Cooperatives - A Perspective for the Next Decade

Gupta K B, Chakraborti Milindo, and Samar K. Datta

Inspite of the current rhetorics on the concept of 'Swadeshi', the increasing trend towards liberalisation and globalisation can neither be wished away, nor is it feasible and profitable at this juncture to completely insulate the country from global competition. At the same time there is no point in becoming panicky or over-enthusiastic about globalisation and liberalisation and giving away a simple 'walk-over' to the MNCs and the WTO. The crying need of this hour is to strengthen the basis of a civil society and one of the necessary devices to achieve this objective is to build up and implement competitive strategies for farmer-owned cooperative and cooperative-like organisations following on the examples of most developed countries of the world. Only a balanced approach between these two extreme viewpoints can offer the scope for a healthy development of the Indian economy. The Indian society must be given the opportunity for holding a free and fair play between the MNCs and the Indian business. The present paper attempts to illustrate this point by spelling out competitive strategies for Indian agri-business cooperatives, which constitute a major chunk of India's economic activities with vast potential for growth and employment creation.

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Working Papers | 1998

Capital Structure Policies of Companies in an Emerging Economy: A Study of Thai Companies

Manjeet Manoj K, Chotigeat Tosporn, and Pandey I M

This paper addresses to the question: How do firms in emerging economy choose their capital structure? Thai firms' capital structures were empirically investigated to find their patterns over the period of the country's financial liberalisation and economic success. Also, the attributes of the firms' capital-structure-determinants were tested and analysed, including managers' financial policy practice. Data used in this study were derived from the 221 Thai manufacturing firms listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand for the period 1990 to 1995 and from a questionnaire survey of the chief financial officers. The results show that Thai firms have a distinct preference for debt; in general, debt has been used to finance more than half of their assets during 1990 to 1995. Firms employ more short-term debt than long-term. The share of long-term debt has, however, increased in the recent years. As regards the capital structure determinants, a positive relationship exists between debt ratio on the one hand and tangible assets, growth, and size, on the other hand. The negative relationship is found between debt ratio and profitability, interest coverage, debt-service coverage and the firm's uniqueness (intangible). Thai managers consider survival as the main consideration in making financing decisions. The second important consideration is maintaining the firm's liquidity. They do not worry too much about the external factors. They put more faith in their firms' growth prospects and competitiveness and are governed by their past experience. Thai managers are rather reluctant in making public offer of debt or equity. They think that Thai capital market is slow and rising funds consumes a lot of time. It is hoped that the financial deregulation, the establishment of a credit rating agency and the capital market reforms will result in financial restructuring of the Thai firms.

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Working Papers | 1998

A Model of Consumer Evaluation of Brand Extensions

Abraham Koshy, Bibek Banerjee, and Ganapathy Shobha

Current research has shown that consumers' attitudes towards brand extensions is a function of brand affect, and similarity between parent and extension product categories. Research has also stressed on the importance of the brand specific association in the evaluation of the extension. We develop a model of evaluation of brand extensions with the variables of relevance of the brand's specific association in the extension category and typicality of the brand in its original category. We find that consumers' attitudes are mainly a function of brand affect, relevance of parent brand specific association in extension, and similarity of parent and extension categories by physical features. Relevance of association is found to be more important than similarity between parent and extension categories in the evaluation of extensions by consumers. However, we find no evidence that the presence of a relevant association helps a brand to extend to dissimilar categories. Brand affect is moderated by similarity between parent and extension categories and typicality of the parent brand. Similarity between parent and extension categories helps in transfer of affect from parent brand to extension. However high typicality of brands seem to deter transfer of affect to extensions.

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Working Papers | 1998

Operating Characteristics of Empty Solar Cooker Under Climatic Conditions of Ahmedabad

Pilare Vasant R and Girja Sharan

In this report we present some of the operating characteristics of an empty box solar cooker, under climatic conditions of Ahmedabad. Simulations indicate that cooker will perform satisfactorily during only six out of twelve months.

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Working Papers | 1998

Paradigms of Organizational Leadership Self Organized Criticality: The Avalanche Effect

Parikh Indira J

This paper proposes to state some new paradigms of Organizational Leadership which will facilitate the leaders a well as collective leadership of senior managers to respond to the flux and dramatic shifts occurring within the internal dynamics of the organization. An internal study of a part of the system or the total system reflects Self Organized Critically (SOC). SOC is that state in the organization which is a sudden transformation in the state of the system through its own internal dynamics. This process of transformation generates a critical state within the system such that the change begins to occur. The internal dynamics is the change initiated at the top, going down the line and through all the levels of the organization. The concept of SCO is that for the change to occur in the organization the leadership will initiate those processes of change which will not trickle down but the transformation processes will have an avalanche effect at each stage or level of the system. The state of the internal system becomes critical so that the change begins to occur and there is a release of the momentum and energy of an avalanche. This paper then explores the process of transformation at the unit and level of organization. This study attempts to discover, identify and initiate those organisational processes which would release energy like an avalanche and mobilise the organisation to perform. Individuals, groups, structure and culture of organisation interface with the tasks, functions, organisation and the institution to create internal organisational dynamics which move the organisation in many directions. A comprehensive focus at this stage leads to an experience of self similar processes leading eventually to the avalanche effect. This paper identifies the critical issues that the CEO needs tot address and then appraise the internal dynamics vested in the human resources and potentials.

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Working Papers | 1998

Paradigms of Gender Issues in Indian Organizations

Parikh Indira J

In this century of women's emancipation, the socio-cultural world is called upon to address the issues of gender. The culture, society, religion and family, the four core coordinates of human existence have located women and men in specific social contexts, defined their roles, designed their activities and created processes of centrality-marginalisation, visibility-invisibility and rooting-uprooting and rerooting. This location of women, men and institution in the context of structural, critical and role hierarchy is so deeply embedded in the psyche that any redefining, redesigning, realignment and recaliberations have been most difficult. This frozen and deeply embedded state of role psyche in the collective psyche of the socio-cultural context meant that finding autonomy is a very difficult task for women, men and the insitution. This paper is based on the discussions with women, men and senior managers of ten organisations. The scope of this paper is to: 1. To assess how women experience their entry in various organisation. 2. How women visualise their career path in their expectations, ambitions and aspirations in organisations. 3. Women's interface with both women and men superiors, colleagues and subordinates. 4. Appraisal of women's managerial roles, tasks and performance by seniors in the organisations. 5. Organisational policies and facilities to address specific issues of women such as motherhood and break in career. 6. Women's management of work and hope space. 7. Women's long term role and career path in organisations. This paper explores woman's entry into organizations, task allocation, task relationships, organizational culture, men managers and working wives, organization policies regarding women and dilemmas confronted by women. This paper is also talks about the directions and choices for women, men and organisations to create a new organization culture and new paradigms of work and relationships at work.

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Working Papers | 1998

Professionalism in Co-operatives for Rural Credit

Desai B M

This paper deals with professionalism required in rural credit cooperative as business enterprise and also as an institution of its members in addition to that in formulation and implementation of macro rural cooperative credit policies. It begins with defining professionalism for each of these three. It then goes on to discuss changes required in cooperatives internal structure, role and approach of their leadership and management, and HRD to accomplish both enterprise goals (such as business growth, loan recovery, and financial viability), and institutional objectives (such as member participation, self-regulation, and prosperity). Harnessing potential created by these changes would also require changes in Cooperative Law, Banking Regulation Act, Interest Rates and Institutional Development related macro-policies. The restructuring proposals in all of these aim at making rural credit cooperatives to be "member-friendly and driven" rather than "government/NABARD/RBI driven" with better governance, accountability, and services.

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Working Papers | 1998

Chernoff and a new Congruence Axiom Implies Full Rationality

Lahiri Somdeb

Rationality in choice theory has been an abiding concern of decision theorists. A rationality postulate of considerable significance in the literature is the weak congruence axiom of Richter (1971) and Sen (1971). It is well known that in discrete choice contexts of the classical type (i.e. all nonempty finite subsets of a given set comprise the set of choice problems), this axiom is equivalent to full rationality. The question is: whether a (considerable?) weakening of the weak congruence axiom would suffice to imply full rationality? This is the question we take up in this paper. We propose a weaker new congruence axiom which along with the (mother of all axiomsJ Chernoff Axiom implies full rationality. The two axioms are independent. We also study interesting properties of these axioms and their interconnections through examples. Rationality in choice theory has been an abiding concern of decision theorists. A rationality postulate of considerable significance in the literature is the weak congruence axiom of Richter (1971) and Sen (1971). It is well known that in discrete choice contexts of the classical type (i.e. all nonempty finite subsets of a given set comprise the set of choice problems), this axiom is equivalent to full rationality. The question is: whether a (considerable?) weakening of the weak congruence axiom would suffice to imply full rationality? This is the question we take up in this paper. We propose a weaker new congruence axiom which along with the (mother of all axiomsJ Chernoff Axiom implies full rationality. The two axioms are independent. We also study interesting properties of these axioms and their interconnections through examples.

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