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Working Papers | 2002

Estimating of Capacity of Escalators in London Underground

Paul Devis and Goutam Dutta

In this paper we discuss a deterministic model for computing the capacity of the escalator in London Underground. We develop this model from fundamental principles of engineering by separating the capacities of standing and walking side of the escalator. By collecting real world data, we find the accuracy of this capacity computation. We also develop a multiple regression model that considers the effect of rise of the escalator with the capacity. We discuss the technical and behavioural reasons for differences in capacities of two methods.

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Working Papers | 2002

Public Expenditure Accounatability in the Telecom Sector

Rekha Jain, G. Raghuram, and Venkataraman Krishnan

The telecom sector has seen much change during the past two decades. At first, it was the opening up of the equipment manufacturing sector, followed by the corporatisation of the government owned entities, Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL). Subsequently, the sector was opened for private participation in basic, cellular and other value added services. The most recent liberalization moves have been the corporatization of the Department of Telecom into Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and the privatisation of VSNL.

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Working Papers | 2002

Cluster Analysis of Himachal Tomato

Girja Sharan, T. Madhavan, and Rawale Kishore

A crate of Himachal tomato was obtained from Azad Mandi, Delhi. It contained 252 fruits. Each fruit was weighed and its axial dimension measured. Data of all 252 fruits was then subjected to cluster analysis, using weight and axial dimension separately as basis. The tool of Cluster Analysis enables us to divide the sample in groups that are relatively homogeneous in size on the basis of weight or axial dimensions, whichever is desired. Analysis also yields mass proportion of tomato contained in each group as also the number. The utility of cluster analysis lies in the fact that it can indicate how many homogenous groups can be made of a lot of ungraded produce in advance and what will be the physical characteristics of produce in each group. This will be useful to those designing size graders for tomato, other fruits and vegetables.

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Working Papers | 2002

Design of Greenhouse Irrigation System at Kothara

Girja Sharan and Jadhav Ratan

In this paper we present the details of fertigation system for greenhouse at Kothara (Kutch). Two separate alternatives--Drip and Sprinklers--have been examined.

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Working Papers | 2002

Segmenting Shoppers on their Behaviour

Piyush Kumar Sinha

A retail stores attracts shoppers who vary in their profiles. While some of them are serious shoppers, many of them are "visitors" to the stores. It is not possible for the store to differentiate its offerings to these segments. Classifying these shoppers on demographic and their orientation to shopping has been tried in the developed economies. However, it is felt that in an evolving market like India where shopping orientation are yet to be formed, one of the basis of understanding that shoppers could be their behaviour at the store because behavioural cues are factual data on which a retailer can develop its strategy. Through a study that involved participant observation of 284 shoppers conducted in Ahmedabad segment profiles have been developed. The shoppers were classified into 26 segments based on their behaviour. These segments have also been profiled on the basis of gender, store format and the type of product that they bought. The retail mix ingredients that could be used to deliver better value to each of the segments have been suggested. Based on the study a framework to understand shopper behaviour has been proposed.

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Working Papers | 2002

Measurement Issues in Comparing Fiscal Performance of States

Ravindra H. Dholakia

Interstate comparison of fiscal performance requires use of appropriate concepts and proper measurement of state income, fiscal deficit and debt. GSDP at market prices and a comprehensive concept of debt consistent with the fiscal deficit of a state government are the right concepts to use for the purpose. The rating agencies and the Finance Commissions have not used the right concepts so far. Illustrative estimates for Gujarat show that it can lead to misleading target setting and wrong perceptions about the fiscal performance of the states. CSO, RBI and the rating agencies have to ensure that right concepts are used in interstate comparison.

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Working Papers | 2002

E-governance for ESI Hospitals Costing of Medical Services at EsI Hospital, Bapunagar

K. V. Ramani

The Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) of India is one of the largest social security organizations providing medical insurance cover and delivering of medical care to 35 million beneficiaries through 140 hospitals and 1500 dispensaries. The objectives of this study are to understand the costing of medical care at ESI hospitals and suggest systems for e-governance to facilitate the coordination between ESIC, ESIS and the beneficiaries. Towards this, we selected a large ESI hospital, namely, the ESI General Hospital at Bapunagar, Ahmedabad and gained very useful insights about the systems currently in practice for offering medical benefits to the insured persons and their beneficiaries. This working paper brings out our detailed analysis of the working of ESI hospital, Bapunagar in delivering medical care under the ESI scheme.

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Working Papers | 2002

Women at the Workplace - The Journey of Three Generations of Women

Parikh Indira J and Engineer Mahrukh

"Women at the Workplace- The Journey of Three Generations of Women", is based on interviews conducted by the authors of a broad cross-section of women in leadership positions, middle management levels as well as women beginning their careers and those making a second start after some years of motherhood. Face to face interviews, each lasting several hours, with 32 women was the main source of information. In only 2 of these 32 cases, a questionnaire was employed. A broad framework was provided to the participants and used as a template for brainstorming. The persons early background, role models, dreams and aspirations, career achievements and the interplay between personal and professional lives was explored. The participants were asked to introspect and explore what success meant to them. A road map for the future for women in organizations was examined. The survey provided a fascinating insight into the minds and hearts of working women. Different women had different motives for working, different dreams and aspirations, different perceptions of the future, different support systems and different hurdles, however, there was also a deep rooted commonality. Looking beneath the surface many common themes and trends emerged for women with different backgrounds, different personality types and varied levels of education, seniority and experience. The human spirit wanted to achieve, to explore and to succeed - only the manifestation of this spirit was different in different cases. An equally strong parallel theme related to fulfillment beyond the realm of professional achievement was prevalent. An underlying need to fulfill maternal and societal roles was observed. The major challenge was to balance these seemingly contradictory aspirations and to achieve happiness. Paths traversed by these 32 women were different, each path equally valid for each person. However, these paths had many crossroads where each individual meets others and then continues on their own path. Till the next crossroad.

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Working Papers | 2002

Women in Management - A Movement from the Fifties to the New Millenium

Parikh Indira J and Engineer Mahrukh

"Women in Management - A Movement from the Fifties to the New Millennium", views the evolution and changes that have occurred from the 1950s onwards and looks at new opportunities for women managers in the new millennium. Women in Management are coming of age. The transformation of the Indian woman from an enigmatic figure, covered in meters of fabric, to todays educated, successful and accomplished professional has not been without great personal sacrifices. These are women who have broken the shackles of the past, who have walked an untraversed path, who have had the courage to make new beginnings and to pay the price for the choices they have made. The paper discusses five phases of evolution of the Indian womans role in management, spanning five decades of the 20th Century and explores the transition to the new millennium. The first phase represented tentative beginnings, where women entered the workplace to utilize their education and time. In the second phase, working women encountered invisible barriers within the organization in terms of promotions and availability of senior positions. The third phase witnessed women compete for careers and opportunities within the organization. The fourth phase, the 1990s, saw the emergence of a mature female career person, with professional ambitions and aspirations matching those of her male counterparts. The gradual evolution of the environment, both at home and at the workplace, and societal changes in terms of increased acceptance by families and colleagues of the womans new role are positive signs of progress and bode well for the future. As always, change has not been easy. The fact that some Indian women now occupy prominent positions and their rightful place in the corporate world bears testimony to their fortitude, patience and courage. The paper also explores the womans role in the new millennium after having traveled a long distance. Women in management now need not be the rebels of the past, but can enjoy lifestyles that do justice to both home and work. Flexible corporate structures, enabling technologies and liberalized societal expectations will allow women to climb the rungs of the corporate ladder without necessarily sacrificing their femininity or personal life roles such as motherhood.

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Working Papers | 2002

Member-funds and Cooperative Performance?

Agrawal Rajesh, Raju K V, Reddy Prathap, Shrinivasan R, and Sriram M S

This research examines the role of member-funds in multi-purpose cooperatives in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The central thesis is that member-funds, both in terms of quantity and quality, can enhance the control members exert on the cooperative. The involvement of members through their capital stake could be at various levels - by the provision of permanent capital, long-term capital and short-term capital. We expect that each of these will have differing effects on control and on the culture and systems of the cooperative. Such an effect on control is expected to directly drive cooperative performance, and indirectly enhance cooperative performance through greater usage of the cooperative by the members. Enhanced cooperative performance in turn would satisfy members, and the loop will hopefully be completed; satisfied members would place more funds with the cooperative. The research used data collected from 923 individuals and 30 multi-purpose cooperatives, as well as case-studies of four successful multi-purpose cooperatives. The "bottom-line" of this research is that member-funds have a central role in enhancing cooperative performance. Funds provided voluntarily, either as an outcome of collective cooperative level decision making or of individual level decisions are of high quality. Externally compelled member-funds are of low quality, as are short-term member funds.

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