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3590 items in total found

Working Papers | 1974

Some Conceptual Designs for Understanding Adoption and Diffusion Processes in Action

Gaikwad V R

This is the collection of some conceptual design for understanding adoption and diffusion processes in action. The topics covered are (1) Linking Individual adoption process with diffusion process in a community (2) calculation of AMO & NAR components under certain assumptions (3) variations in independent variables (4) Location of contribution of variables in adoption process or change inducing capacities of independent variables (5) information conversion capacity (6) the diffusion effect (7) Inter-link of rate of diffusion and rate of development of technology and (8) the key sources of information.

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Working Papers | 1974

On the Number Non-Negative Integral Solutions to the Knapsack Problem

Raghavacahari M and Sabharwal Y P

This paper develops expressions for the exact number of solutions to the well known Knapsack problem. These formulae are compared with the bounds given by other researchers in this problem. A computer programme has also been developed to find the number of solutions.

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Working Papers | 1974

Management of Industrial Conflict

Sheth N R and Shah B G

This paper is based on a case study of managerial problems arising from unionization among employees and subsequent events in union-management relations in one of the major commercial banks. The study shows that an initial attitude of indifference and hostility towards unionism resulted in a series of events involving a win-lose struggle between management and the union. Eventually when the union began to indulge in anti-social and destructive activities, the management took a decision to fight it out with the union regardless of the cause involved. In doing so, the management planned a strategy to deal with the various aspects of the conflict in relation to managerial objectives. Finally, when it scored a decisive victory over the union, the management in collaboration with the union successfully built a new relationship based on mutual trust and cooperation. In conclusion the authors stress the need for a clear and rational managerial approach to problems of industrial relations, rather than handling such problems on the basis of prejudices and short-term objectives.

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Working Papers | 1974

Personnel Management for Rural Banking

Sheth N R and Shah B G

This paper presents an analysis of the problem of adjustment to the rural environment among the branch managers in commercial banks working in rural areas in consequence of the lead bank scheme. The analysis is based on data collected during an exploratory study of the lead bank scheme in a district in Gujarat State. The data suggest that urban-oriented managers find it difficult to adjust themselves to the realities of living and banking in villages. This difficulty arises mainly from the cultural gap between urban and rural social life as well as the social commitments and aspirations of the managers and their families. Although the problem of adjustment is less acute among those managers who have previous exposure to rural lie, they also aspire to move to urban areas and become part of the urban culture. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that it would be useful to create in the rural areas urban facilities such as good schools and cinema houses. It is also suggested that the educated members of the rural branch managers' families may be trained and motivated to undertake welfare and developmental activities in villages. These suggestions imply that bank managements may need to consider a person's family as a unit for planning and decision making in the area of personnel management.

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Working Papers | 1974

Feasibility of Institutional Financing for Dairy Development

George P S and Srivastava Uma Kant

A commercial bank had undertaken an Integrated Development Project for dairy development in collaboration with a dairy plant. The scheme envisaged the supply of bank finances to the farmers for the purchase of quality cattle and repayments through milk supply to the dairy. A sample of beneficiaries were contacted to find out the impact of bank finances on their income. Also the impact of the scheme on the dairy's milk supply and the viability of this scheme as a commercial proposition was analysed. The findings of the study indicate that commercial lending institutions could join hands with organized dairies to advance money for purchasing cattle; this process would benefit the farmers, the dairy plants, and the bank. The implementation of such schemes could go a long way in improving the incomes of small farmers and at the same time increasing the production of milk in the milk shed areas of organized dairies.

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Working Papers | 1974

Futurology and Public Systems Analysis: A Major Social Need

Krishnayya J G

The rate of social and technological change is overtaking our problem-solving capability. There is urgent social need for institutions which will effectively work on the analysis of public policy and design of public systems along with surveys of the alternative futures which may befall us. Can such Rand-type institutions be created in India? The success of state federal and local governments in outpacing change may depend upon it.

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Working Papers | 1974

Population-Resource Dynamics in an Indian Village

Murthy Nirmal S

The paper presents a simulation model of population dynamics in an Indian village and discusses its usefulness to a policy maker concerned with the economic and social development of such a village. The model contains some of the elements and interrelations which seem to have significant impact on the determinants of population dynamics, namely, births, deaths and migrations. The model is then used as a tool, instead of a real village, to test different development policies for their impact on the village's population growth and economic condition over time. The policies such as health services, education, and family planning are introduced in the model to ascertain their effect on the balance of births, deaths and migration. No attempt is made to optimize the outcome of any policy. Preference for one outcome over another is left to the values and objectives of the user of the model.

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Working Papers | 1974

Information Technology for Developing Countries: Priority Sectors and Prefered Technology

Krishnayya J G

Priority areas for computer-based information systems are located in developing countries, and a preferred technology (midi-computers) is identified. After describing the priority areas where information management and information technology can make positive contributions in developing countries, the bureaucratic (managerial) infrastructure essential for their implementation is examined. Distinctions are made between the skills required for problem analysis, system design, implementation and maintenance. System design is identified as the phase most appropriate for the participation of the professional "expert". The economics of minicomputer and communication-based systems for the priority areas of developing countries are critically examined. The conclusion is drawn that, for developing countries, microprogrammed minicomputer information processing systems offer significant advantages in cost, redundancy, maintenance, lead-time for implementation, and in the systematic growth of management skills with processing capacity. They can also be combined with microcomputer-based message-switching data-communications facilities. Examples are taken from actual situations in the Airline industry, in logistics networks for commodity distribution, and in a mixed information-retrieval and data-analysis situation.

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Working Papers | 1974

Food Riots: An Analysis of Price Movements of Essential Commodities 1971-83 with Tools for Policy Analysis

Krishnayya J G

Data Analysis techniques must be appropriate to the purpose of the analysis. Policy analysis, in particular, requires analytic techniques which are parsimonious and robust. Data available on the prices of 22 essential commodities in May 1971 and in December 1973 was subjected to analysis with a view to extracting information on the geographical pattern of price changes. The pattern reveals (a) that wheat behaved differently from all other commodities in 1973, (b) that a concentration of price pressure developed on Ahmedabad and Bombay and away from Delhi and Calcutta, (c) that unexpectedly small price increases took place in two commodities (rice and wheat) in Kanpur. The tools used were Information Theory-leading to a measure of "uneveness", and Cluster Analysis, leading to a simple Guttman scale.

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Working Papers | 1974

Need based Family Planning Programmes: Content and Treatment Guidelines for T V Producers

T. V. Rao

This article presents three models of human behaviour with special emphasis on the process of decision making at the individual level in the adoption of family planning practices. The first model describes how the adoption process is influenced by factors at three levels: individual, family and society. The second model views adoption behaviour as influenced by the personality of the adopter, practice characteristics, role of influential and change agents. The third model describes the sequential adoption process. Programme implications of these three models for T.V. producers have been discussed. Suggestions have been made on the basis of behavioural science research findings in family planning in India, about the content, and organization of future T.V. programmes for our country. The results discussed in this paper have implications for the diffusion of any method through mass media.

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