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647 items in total found

Journal Articles | 2023

An overarching conceptual framework for ICT-enabled responsive governance

Amit Anand Tiwari, Samrat Gupta, Efpraxia D. Zamani, Neeraj Mittal, Renu Agarwal

Over the recent years, responsiveness has gained importance as it is a critical element of public governance processes and acts as a driving factor for supporting the achievement of governance objectives, especially in the implementation phases. In this study, we identify the knowledge gaps in the realm of responsive governance based on a systematic literature review. Based on our analysis, we propose a conceptual framework of major building blocks (input, process and outcomes) for the development and implementation of responsive governance at the local, regional and national levels of administrative hierarchy.

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Journal Articles | 2023

Did it increase energy consumption? A difference-in-differences evaluation of a rural electrification policy in Gujarat, India using night-time lights data

Namrata Chindarkar, Nihit Goyal

Electricity access is an important issue and building capacity for it requires drawing relevant lessons from past policies. In this study, we evaluate the effect of the Jyotigram Yojana, or the lighted village scheme, a supply-side policy intervention during 2003–08 to increase rural electricity access in Gujarat, India. We hypothesize that policy implementation is associated with increased electricity consumption. To test this hypothesis, we exploit variation in the timing of policy implementation at the village level, and use a generalized difference-in-differences strategy for identification. Further, we use night-time luminosity measured through remote sensing as a proxy for electricity consumption, and control for weather, village fixed effect, year fixed effect, and village or administrative block specific time trend. We find that while the overall effect of the policy on night-time luminosity was not statistically significant, the effects were likely heterogeneous, with the night-time luminosity increasing in some districts after policy implementation and decreasing in others. We conclude that the policy might have had a re-distributive effect on electricity access or consumption and recommend adopting a more holistic approach – incorporating both supply-side and demand-side measures – to increase electricity access.

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Journal Articles | 2023

Understanding consumers in-store behavior: The dual role of episode-specific motive adjustment and motive selection

Soumya Mukhopadhyay, Akshaya Vijayalakshmi, Shailendra P. Jain

Understanding purchase motivations is vital but challenging due to their unobservable, concomitant, and dynamic nature. Recent research has proposed frameworks to examine their impact on choice by treating motivations as latent states. This study contributes to this line of research by introducing the notion of “episode-specific motive adjustment,” that accounts for variations in consumers' willingness to pursue specific motives during a shopping trip. Utilizing this concept, the study uncovers valuable insights into how different types of purchase motivations influence consumer product interactions and choices. Analyzing a comprehensive dataset from multiple Indian cities, the research contributes to a theoretical understanding of and practical applications for businesses seeking to comprehend and influence consumer behavior. Theoretically, we show that consumers display diverse patterns of in-store product engagement behavior as they adjust the intensity of instrumental and experiential motives across purchase episodes. Furthermore, we illustrate that the relationship between willingness to pursue a motive (motive intensity) and the likelihood of making a choice follows distinct functional patterns. We highlight the significance of considering individual-level heterogeneity and dynamic behavioral patterns to enhance consumer experiences and purchase decisions. Practically, this research identifies the key drivers that influence motive intensity in stores, providing managers with insights to optimize store layouts and effectively influence consumer purchase motives that align with their business objectives. Emphasis is placed on context-specific strategies, as the impact of these drivers varies with purchase context.

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Journal Articles | 2023

Capacitated multiple allocation hub location problems under the risk of interdiction: Model formulations and solution approaches

Vishal Bansal, Sachin Jayaswal, Ankur Sinha

Hub-and-spoke networks play a critical role in reducing cost and enhancing service levels in various infrastructural sectors since hubs act as the consolidation and transshipment points of the flows. The failure of hubs in such a network can cause severe disruptions. While disruptions can be natural or man-made, a disruption by a rational individual or entity can be significantly detrimental to the network and is often studied as an interdiction problem. It is important to take interdiction effects at the design stage; therefore, we study the three-level capacitated hub-and-spoke network design problem from the perspective of a defender who considers the risk of interdiction by a rational attacker. Within the three levels, the upper level represents the network design level, and the lower two levels represent the bi-level hub interdiction problem. The introduction of capacity constraints within an interdiction model dramatically increases the complexity of the problem, as there can be some unfulfilled flows post-interdiction. Moreover, a flow may or may not be fulfilled through the least-cost route using the nearest hubs. This work makes two major contributions: the first contribution is on the efficient handling of the bi-level hub interdiction problem using the Dual-based approach and the Penalty-based approach, and the second contribution is on solving the overall three-level problem using a super valid inequality. These two contributions allow us to solve large-scale versions of the capacitated multiple allocation p-median hub location problem under the risk of interdiction, which is otherwise mathematically intractable and can be handled only using complete enumeration techniques.

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Journal Articles | 2023

(Farmer) Producer comapneis in India as new generation co-operatives: Case studies of performance and impact from West Bengal India

Sukhpal Singh

One of the innovative alternatives to the traditional cooperative structure has been the new generation cooperatives or cooperative companies, known as producer companies (PCs) in India since the early 2000s. This paper examines the impact of PCs on the member farmer livelihoods, which is not well studied, with the help of member and non-member farmer interview survey in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is found that though the PCs were inclusive of small farmers in their membership, the PC interface with members for farm inputs was not very strong and the output linkage was poor, reaching only a small proportion of member farmers. The Sufal Bangla public supermarket franchise by some PCs was found to make a large difference to the PC performance and its impact on member farmers. The small size of membership in most case study PCs hindered the equity size, leading to working capital and market interface constraints. Therefore, it is important to encourage members to contribute more equity and to reward their output linkage.

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Journal Articles | 2023

The local environment matters: Evidence from digital healthcare services for patient engagement

Ruba Aljafari, Franck Soh, Pankaj Setia, Ritu Agarwal

The creation and delivery of healthcare services are being transformed through patient-engaging digital services. However, their effects on hospital performance are unclear. We build on the theoretical foundations of resource dependency and environmental munificence to identify two characteristics of the hospital’s regional environment, the population’s access to digital computing resources (computing access) and health insurance coverage (service access), that condition the effects of hospitals’ patient-engaging digital services on patient satisfaction and readmissions. We argue that these omitted environmental contingencies may help explain the inconclusive findings reported in prior empirical studies on digital services. Analysis of data collated from a national sample of 941 hospitals nested within 157 regions shows that computing access in the environment strengthens the effect of a hospital’s digital services on readmissions and patient satisfaction. By contrast, service access dampens the moderated effect of digital services and computing access on readmissions, but the effect is not the same for patient satisfaction. Our study offers theoretical and practical implications underscoring the role of environmental heterogeneity in the value hospitals realize from patient-engaging digital services.

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Journal Articles | 2023

The motivation paradox: Understanding contradictory effects of awards on contribution quantity versus quality in virtual community

Shankhadeep Banerjee, Samadrita Bhattacharyya, Indranil Bose

We use the lens of the intrinsic/extrinsic motivation theory to holistically model the effects of intangible awards on member contribution in virtual communities. Using multiple studies on Yelp, we validate that the influence of award stimuli on contribution outcomes become significantly moderated by the aspect of contribution (quantity versus quality) and the novelty of stimuli (time and repetition of awards) to interestingly form divergent (downward versus upward) yet theoretically explicable curvilinear trajectories of contribution. This study contributes to IS literature on virtual communities and social-cognitive literature on work motivation and offers insights to community managers to design better incentive systems.

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Journal Articles | 2023

Pandemic panic? Effects of health system capacity on firm confidence during COVID-19

Balagopal Gopalakrishnan, Jamus Jerome Lim, Sanket Mohapatra

We examine whether firms’ business confidence – defined as their perceptions of risk and sentiment associated with the COVID-19 pandemic – is affected by ex ante health system capacity and ex post government responses. Using firm-level data from 53 countries, we find that ex ante proactive measures, such as healthcare spending and the availability of medical staff, favorably impact firms’ confidence. This effect is, however, moderated by the COVID-19 case load. We also find that the ex post reactive measures, such as health and containment actions and the overall quality of the government response, also bolster business confidence. These effects on confidence vary by firm size and the level of development of the economy, but are largely impervious to prior epidemic experience.

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Journal Articles | 2023

Construction of hypothetical scenarios for central counterparty stress tests using vine copula

Aniket Bhanu, Vineet Virmani

Central counterparties carry out stress tests using historical and hypothetical stress scenarios to assess the adequacy of their default management resources. Parametric models for the construction of hypothetical stress scenarios require expert judgment in parameter setting and substantial model assumptions. We propose a nonparametric method for the generation and/or validation of hypothetical stress scenarios using the vine copula. Our method is superior to others because it allows for the modeling of individual marginal distributions of multiple risk factors independent of joint distribution structures as well as capturing nonlinear tail dependence and fat tails. We show that the method can be extended for generating coherent stress scenarios for multiple central counterparties or clearing services, and that the generated scenarios are “extreme but plausible”. Our method is also pragmatic: use of the vine copula makes the method scalable for large numbers of risk factors, and we propose a fast screening algorithm to reduce computational requirements by quickly identifying small numbers of stress scenarios from a large number of simulations.We also demonstrate the plausibility of scenarios generated using the proposed method.

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Journal Articles | 2023

Harvesting the volatility smile in a large emerging market: A dynamic Nelson-Siegel approach

Sudarshan Kumar, Sobhesh Kumar Agarwalla, Jayanth R. Varma, Vineet Virmani

While there is a large literature on modeling volatility smile in options markets, most such studies are eventually focused on the forecasting performance of the model parameters and not on the applicability of the models in a trading environment. Drawing on the analogy of volatility smile like a term structure in the context of interest rates in fixed-income markets, we evaluate the performance of the Dynamic Nelson–Siegel (DNS) approach to modeling the dynamics of volatility smile in a trading environment against competing alternatives. Using model-based mispricing as our sorting criterion, and deploying a trading strategy of going long the options in the upper deciles and going short the options in the lower deciles, we show that dynamic models consistently outperform their static counterparts, with the worst dynamic model outperforming the best static model in terms of the percentage of mean returns from the trading portfolios and the Sharpe ratio. Specifically, we find that the DNS model consistently outperforms all other competing specifications on most of our selected criteria.

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