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3590 items in total found

Working Papers | 1973

Industrial Performance and Government Controls

Paul Samuel

This paper examines the growth and utilisation of industrial capacity in India, the factors responsible for inter-industry variations in capacity utilisation and the policy implications of the findings of the study. The period covered is 1960-71. The major findings are summarised below: 1) Industrial capacity expanded during 1960-70 at the rate of 5.7% per year. The highest rates of growth were in the capital and intermediate goods segments of industry. The rate of growth of capacity declined from 6.1% in 1960-64 to 4.6% in 1967-70. 2) An unusual finding is the steady growth in the consumer goods capacity over the decade. Frow a low rate of growth of 2% in 1960-64, the rate has increased to 4% since 1965. 3) The average utilisation of capacity during the period 1961-71 is approximately 53%. Capital and intermediate goods sectors had relatively higher rates in the earlier part of the period, but declined with the onset of the recession. However, in the consumer goods group, utilisation has steadily improved over the period. 4) Selected industry characteristics and policy variables together explain nearly 72% of the inter-industry variations in capacity utilisation. All the net regression coefficients are significant. 5) Neither market control (concentration) nor large size of firms seems to have any adverse impact on capacity utilisation. It could well be that in a regime of shortages, the effective constraint is on the supply side and the firms with greater market control or size may be more successful in getting more raw materials and other inputs. 6) Higher effective rates of protection are associated with lower capacity utilisation rates. Government controls tend to provide high levels of protection even to inefficient industries which may not be able to utilise their capacities adequately. 7) There are policies and controls which work against the full utilisation of capacity. A realignment of such policies is in order. It is argued that banning socially undesirable products will be preferable to the present system which leaves considerable scope for delays, influence and inconsistent decisions.

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Working Papers | 1973

Training and Research Needs for Agricultural Management

Gaikwad V R

The purpose of this paper is (1) to highlight the rapid expansion of government activities in agricultural sector, (2) to discuss the areas and nature of management tasks in the light of expansion of activities, (3) to develop a framework for training courses in agricultural management, and (4) to identify broad areas of research which would provide a base for developing the training programmes.

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Working Papers | 1973

Case Development: Process & Problems

Shah B G

The paper first discusses the process of drawing specifications of case materials required for achieving teaching objectives of a case course. The paper then goes on to discuss the process involved in establishing case leads and case writing. In the discussion of case writing it deals with the questions relating to the statement of case problem, disguise of the identity of the organisation, confidential nature of information and 'Quid-proquo' for case writing facility. It also discusses what details should be included in the case study to achieve its teaching objectives. The paper also discusses the institutional environment demanded for effective application of case method. It highlights the institutional tasks of building bridges between the management and academic world, creating an environment of experimentation and exploration with regard to the concept of management as a field of learning and pedagogy for training in decision making. The difficult task of reconciling the faculty's personal objectives of creativeness with the institutional demands for ongoing problem related case and project research is also discussed. The paper also pinpoints some of the problems of case development in developing societies and new fields of management of agriculture and government systems.

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Working Papers | 1973

Personality Predisposition and Satisfaction with Supervisory Style

Saiyadain M S

76 employees reporting to only one organizationally defined supervisor answered on items purported to measure their level of interpersonal, competence, perception of supervisory style and finally their satisfaction with supervisory practices. It was found that in general, high as compared to low interpersonal competence and democratic as against authoritarian supervisory stile generated greater satisfaction with supervisory practices. A partial interaction effect was also significant. Under authoritarian style high on interpersonal competence were found to be more satisfied with their supervisors than low on interpersonal competence.

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Working Papers | 1973

International Themes of Indian Youth as Expressed During Sensitivity Training

Garg Pulin K

In this paper, the author presents a new approach to Sensitivity training based on Intra-person and Interperson Approaches. The basic concern is with the problem of adjustment on an individual in a rapidly changing Technological society. In this method, the participants are encouraged to talk freely about their psycho-social world and a multiplicity of experiences is thus generated in which the persons can re-examine their feeling structure for purposes of self-review and growth. The trainer in such an approach is more than a trainer-he is a person. This approach was tried out very successfully with five groups of students from a leading Business School over a period of three years. These Seminars also provided data about the very personal and private themes of the youth who attended. The dominant feeling in Indian youth seems to be one of "rejection" and this is also borne out by historical inputs. Four other dominant themes of "Feelinglessness, Loneliness, Independence, Exilehood and deprivation" were also identified. The dominant feeling of 'rejection' appeared related to 'dependency-control' and the genesis was mainly in the actions of the parents and the significant others. This feeling implies that an individual can only be a role and nothing but a role. He cannot 'Be'. In a like manner escape from 'Feelinglessness' was perceived in excessive task orientation. Loneliness and Isolation resulted from a fear of closeness whilst gaining of ones Independence was preceived to be "ungrateful" as it would mean the 'desertion' of others who had done so much for you. This method was found to lead to increased willingness for self-review, through quickly creating a process of empathy and making the participants realise the simultaneous uniqueness and communality with the Universal man.

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Working Papers | 1973

Labour in a Textile City: A Study of Workers Needs and Welfare in Ahmedabad

Verma Pramod

The basic hypothesis of this study is that welfare expenditure undertaken by various independent agencies does not meet the felt needs of the workers. A socio-economic survey was conducted to identify these needs. The survey covered 356 'chawls' and 43 housing colonies in 7 areas where industrial workers live. The data suggest, inter-alia, that the immediate needs of the working class are: sanitary facilities, primary school, cooperative housing society, vocational school for children and vocational school for adults. Survey results generally validate the hypothesis of this study. Consequently, two action-oriented suggestions have been made: 1) the managements should, either singly, or in collaboration with trade unions, Municipal corporation and welfare agencies, provide a lead in formulation and execution of welfare projects; and 2) an apex body should be created to coordinate the activities of relevant welfare and funding agencies.

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Working Papers | 1973

Relationship of Job Involvement to Perceived Importance and Satisfaction of Employee Needs

Kanungo R N and Misra Sasi B

Relationship between attitude of job involvement and patterns of perceived need importance, need satisfaction, and need strength were explored. Data were collected from 64 high-involved and 77 low involved employees of two Indian organizations. Results revealed that the attitude of job-involvement acted as a moderator variable only with respect to employee's cognitive evaluation of the importance of need on the job. High involved employees as compared to low involved employees, attached greater importance to safety and self-actualization needs and lesser importance to physiological and social needs. With respect to the patterns of need satisfaction and need strength, the high and low involved employees did not differ. Both groups were least satisfied with and felt strongest needs in physiological and self-actualization areas. Several hypotheses derived from Maslow's need hierarchy notion could not be supported by the results. It was postulated that the cognitive value system of perceived need importance which is influenced by job involvement attitude is different from experiential evaluation of need satisfaction and strength which are more a function of the cue properties of the job and its environment.

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Working Papers | 1973

Developing Countries as a Market for Software Exports: The View from India

Krishnayya J G

The developing countries constitute a significant growth market for computer systems and software. Analysing the needs of this market and the difficulties they present, we find that they require problem analysis, systems design, hardware and software integration, training and facilities management. India has some advantages as a base for meeting these needs. Competition with established firms will however require a distinctive strategy. The possible advantages of "not relying on IBM" are reviewed. Successful operations will require a commitment of personnel n site for short and long periods. This places a premium upon a good base in a growing home market as well as a sophisticated organization design involving a consortium of software houses.

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Working Papers | 1973

Note on Forecasting Techniques

Gupta G S

The Note on Forecasting Techniques discusses (a) the need for forecasts, (b) the alternative forecasting techniques, and (c) the alternative measures of Forecast's inaccuracy. The discussion of each forecasting technique is illustrated with examples. It concludes that expert judgement plays a role in obtaining forecasts for any variable, using any technique; this role is less significant if statistical techniques are used than if other techniques are used. Furthermore, the note recommends obtaining alternative forecasts, based on alternative assumptions about the future, against obtaining a single forecast for any variable under forecasting.

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Working Papers | 1973

A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for A Matrix to be Totally Unimodular

Raghavacahari M

A characterization of totally unimedular matrices is given in the paper. This provides an iterative method directly applicable on the matrix itself to recognize total unimedularity or otherwise of any given matrix.

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